How to format your references using the Post-Soviet Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Post-Soviet Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Grebe, Markus. 2005. “Plant Biology. Enhanced: Growth by Auxin: When a Weed Needs Acid.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310 (5745): 60–61.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rogers, W. Benjamin, and Vinothan N. Manoharan. 2015. “DNA Nanotechnology. Programming Colloidal Phase Transitions with DNA Strand Displacement.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 347 (6222): 639–642.

A journal article with 3 authors

Duncan, Katherine, Arhanti Sadanand, and Lila Davachi. 2012. “Memory’s Penumbra: Episodic Memory Decisions Induce Lingering Mnemonic Biases.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 337 (6093): 485–487.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Steffens, Sabine, Niels R. Veillard, Claire Arnaud, Graziano Pelli, Fabienne Burger, Christian Staub, Meliha Karsak, Andreas Zimmer, Jean-Louis Frossard, and François Mach. 2005. “Low Dose Oral Cannabinoid Therapy Reduces Progression of Atherosclerosis in Mice.” Nature 434 (7034): 782–786.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sun, Baojiang. 2016. Multiphase Flow in Oil and Gas Well Drilling. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd.

An edited book

Abraham, Ajith, Aboul-Ella Hassanien, André Ponce de Leon F. de Carvalho, and Václav Snášel, eds. 2009. Foundations of Computational, IntelligenceVolume 6: Data Mining. Vol. 206. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Rosales, J. C., and P. A. García-Sánchez. 2009. “Irreducible Numerical Semigroups.” In Numerical Semigroups, edited by P. A. García-Sánchez, 33–55. Developments in Mathematics. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Post-Soviet Affairs.

Blog post

Carpineti, Alfredo. 2016. “Forecasting The Weather Of Distant Hot Jupiters.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/forecasting-the-weather-of-distant-hot-jupiters/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1981. Increased Federal Telecommunications System Use by Strengthened Control Over Commercial Toll Calls Could Reduce Costs. MASAD-82-4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rosenfeld, Elaine G. 2009. “The Ascent of Women to Senior Leadership Positions in the Financial Services Industry: A Phenomenological Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Minneapolis, MN: Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, John. 2016. “Picking a Portfolio With Pokéballs.” New York Times, October 14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Grebe 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Grebe 2005; Rogers and Manoharan 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rogers and Manoharan 2015)
Three authors: (Duncan, Sadanand, and Davachi 2012)
4 or more authors: (Steffens et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Post-Soviet Affairs
ISSN (print)	1060-586X
ISSN (online)	1938-2855
Scope	Economics and Econometrics Sociology and Political Science Political Science and International Relations