How to format your references using the Polymer Degradation and Stability citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Polymer Degradation and Stability. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M. Lüthi, Geophysics. Gauging Greenland’s subglacial water, Science 341 (2013) 721–722.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.W. Sanders, J.P. Moore, HIV: A stamp on the envelope, Nature 514 (2014) 437–438.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

D.R. Smith, J.B. Pendry, M.C.K. Wiltshire, Metamaterials and negative refractive index, Science 305 (2004) 788–792.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Z. Di, P. Li-Xia, Q. Ze-Ming, J. Biao-Bing, Y. Xi, Novel ultra-low temperature co-fired microwave dielectric ceramic at 400 degrees and its chemical compatibility with base metal, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5980.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J.J. Vento, Financial Independence (Getting to Point X ), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

P. Ernest, The Philosophy of Mathematics Education, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L. Lipscombe, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, and Cancer Associations, in: I.G. Fantus (Ed.), Insulin Resistance and Cancer: Epidemiology, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications, Springer, New York, NY, 2011: pp. 111–140.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Polymer Degradation and Stability.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Explained: Why A Reboot Is The Go-To Computer Fix, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Telecommunications: Characteristics and Choices of Internet Users, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.L. Arens, Power, Oppression, and Group Difference Interrogation: A Call to Social Justice Movement Organizations, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Koblin, Grammy Awards Gain a Million More Viewers, New York Times (2017) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Polymer Degradation and Stability
Abbreviation	Polym. Degrad. Stab.
ISSN (print)	0141-3910
Scope	Mechanics of Materials Materials Chemistry Polymers and Plastics Condensed Matter Physics