How to format your references using the Polar Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Polar Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Evarts, E.C., 2015. Lithium batteries: To the limits of lithium. Nature 526, S93-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bengtson, M.H., Joazeiro, C.A.P., 2010. Role of a ribosome-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase in protein quality control. Nature 467, 470–473.

A journal article with 3 authors

Steinberger, B., Sutherland, R., O’Connell, R.J., 2004. Prediction of Emperor-Hawaii seamount locations from a revised model of global plate motion and mantle flow. Nature 430, 167–173.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Bonasio, R., Zhang, G., Ye, C., Mutti, N.S., Fang, X., Qin, N., Donahue, G., Yang, P., Li, Q., Li, C., Zhang, P., Huang, Z., Berger, S.L., Reinberg, D., Wang, J., Liebig, J., 2010. Genomic comparison of the ants Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator. Science 329, 1068–1071.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Iacus, S.M., 2011. Option Pricing and Estimation of Financial Models with R. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Jeannet, J.-P., 2015. From Coal to Biotech: The Transformation of DSM with Business School Support. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Bache, R.J., 2015. Coronary Artery Disease: Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow, in: Willerson, J.T., Holmes, D.R., Jr. (Eds.), Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer, London, pp. 57–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Polar Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Big Questions About Risk Assessment Of Nanomaterials [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/technology/big-questions-about-risk-assessment-nanomaterials/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1979. The Federal Weather Program Must Have Stronger Central Direction (No. LCD-80-10). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kyriacou, A., 2011. A method of verification of the total treatment time for the APBI (Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation) devices: Contura Multilumen Balloon and SAVI applicator (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rotella, C., 2017. LaMotta: More Than ‘Raging.’ New York Times A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Evarts, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Bengtson and Joazeiro, 2010; Evarts, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bengtson and Joazeiro, 2010)
Three or more authors: (Bonasio et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Polar Science
Abbreviation	Polar Sci.
ISSN (print)	1873-9652
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology