How to format your references using the Polar Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Polar Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Khalil, A.M., 2009. Journal club. A geneticist views two theories of X-chromosome inactivation in a broad context. Nature 458, 263.

A journal article with 2 authors

Grey, K., Calver, C.R., 2007. Ediacaran oxidation and biotic evolution. Nature 450, E17; discussion E18.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rowe, C., Harris, J.M., Roberts, S.C., 2005. Sporting contests: seeing red? Putting sportswear in context. Nature 437, E10; discussion E10-1.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sundar, L.S., Singh, M.K., Ramana, E.V., Singh, B., Grácio, J., Sousa, A.C.M., 2014. Enhanced thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanodiamond-nickel nanocomposite nanofluids. Sci. Rep. 4, 4039.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Speight, J.G., Foote, R., 2011. Ethics in Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Ribeiro, P., Raposo, M. (Eds.), 2016. Photoptics 2015: Revised Selected Papers, Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Anderka, M., Lipka, N., Stein, B., 2010. Evaluating Cross-Language Explicit Semantic Analysis and Cross Querying, in: Peters, C., Nunzio, G.M.D., Kurimo, M., Mandl, T., Mostefa, D., Peñas, A., Roda, G. (Eds.), Multilingual Information Access Evaluation I. Text Retrieval Experiments: 10th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2009, Corfu, Greece, September 30 - October 2, 2009, Revised Selected Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 50–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Polar Science.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2017. Has Metallic Hydrogen Been Achieved For The First Time? [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Airline Competition: Industry Operating and Marketing Practices Limit Market Entry (No. RCED-90-147). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tambornini, T.F., 2013. Supportive and subsidized housing solutions for Sonoma County: A grant project (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barker, K., 2015. Choice for Addicts: Use Again, or Lose Home. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Khalil, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Grey and Calver, 2007; Khalil, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grey and Calver, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Sundar et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Polar Science
Abbreviation	Polar Sci.
ISSN (print)	1873-9652
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology