How to format your references using the Polar Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Polar Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rostrup-Nielsen, J.R., 2005. Chemistry. Making fuels from biomass. Science 308, 1421–1422.

A journal article with 2 authors

von Messling, V., Cattaneo, R., 2012. Virology. A henipavirus vaccine in sight. Science 337, 651–652.

A journal article with 3 authors

Pergams, O.R.W., Barnes, W.M., Nyberg, D., 2003. Mammalian microevolution: Rapid change in mouse mitochondrial DNA. Nature 423, 397.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Carter, A.P., Clemons, W.M., Brodersen, D.E., Morgan-Warren, R.J., Wimberly, B.T., Ramakrishnan, V., 2000. Functional insights from the structure of the 30S ribosomal subunit and its interactions with antibiotics. Nature 407, 340–348.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

De Spiegeleer, J., Schoutens, W., Van Hulle, C., 2014. The Handbook of Hybrid Securities. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Farooqui, A.A., 2007. Glycerophospholipids in the Brain: Phospholipases A2 in Neurological Disorders. Springer, New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Dragan, Y.P., 2016. Chemically-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis, in: Carr, B.I. (Ed.), Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment, The Woodlands. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 65–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Polar Science.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J., 2017. Disney Researchers Make Wireless Power Transfer Breakthrough [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Computer Matching Act: OMB and Selected Agencies Need to Ensure Consistent Implementation (No. GAO-14-44). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, Y.-J., 2010. Copying and summarizing: Possible tools to develop English reading and writing for university students of different proficiency levels in Korea (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse, L., 2008. Case on Police Searches Pits State Laws Against Federal. New York Times A15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rostrup-Nielsen, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Rostrup-Nielsen, 2005; von Messling and Cattaneo, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (von Messling and Cattaneo, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Carter et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Polar Science
Abbreviation	Polar Sci.
ISSN (print)	1873-9652
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology