How to format your references using the African Archaeological Review citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Archaeological Review. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reedijk, J. (2005). Chemistry. Dioxygen surprises. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5730), 1876–1877.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kormendy, J., & Bender, R. (2011). Supermassive black holes do not correlate with dark matter haloes of galaxies. Nature, 469(7330), 377–380.

A journal article with 3 authors

Smolin, J. A., Smith, G., & Vargo, A. (2013). Oversimplifying quantum factoring. Nature, 499(7457), 163–165.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Towers, M., Mahood, R., Yin, Y., & Tickle, C. (2008). Integration of growth and specification in chick wing digit-patterning. Nature, 452(7189), 882–886.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kampen, T. U. (2010). Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Dima, I. C. (2015). Modelling and Simulation in Management: Econometric Models Used in the Management of Organizations. (M. Man, Ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Breiter, A., Groß, L. M., & Stauke, E. (2013). Computer-Based Large-Scale Assessments in Germany. In D. Passey, A. Breiter, & A. Visscher (Eds.), Next Generation of Information Technology in Educational Management: 10th IFIP WG 3.7 Conference, ITEM 2012, Bremen, Germany, August 5-8, 2012, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 41–54). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Archaeological Review.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2016, June 21). Chickens Need Color Vision. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/chickens-need-color-vision/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1989). FAA Appropriation Issues (No. T-RCED-89-20). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crider, M. C. (2012). The social and environmental effects of shrimp mariculture: Case studies of two coastal villages in Ecuador (Doctoral dissertation). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2008, June 8). Russian Takes Critical Tone On Economy. New York Times, p. A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reedijk 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Kormendy and Bender 2011; Reedijk 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kormendy and Bender 2011)
Three or more authors: (Towers et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	African Archaeological Review
Abbreviation	Afr. Archaeol. Rev.
ISSN (print)	0263-0338
ISSN (online)	1572-9842
Scope	Archaeology