How to format your references using the Planning Perspectives citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Planning Perspectives. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski, David. “Western Japan: Go West, Young Postdoc.” Nature 424, no. 6946 (July 17, 2003): 352–53.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dezhina, Irina, and Loren R. Graham. “Research Funding. Science Foundations: A Novelty in Russian Science.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 310, no. 5755 (December 16, 2005): 1772–73.

A journal article with 3 authors

Franzoni, Chiara, Giuseppe Scellato, and Paula Stephan. “Science Policy. Changing Incentives to Publish.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 333, no. 6043 (August 5, 2011): 702–3.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Olson, Valerie G., Carrie L. Heusner, Ross J. Bland, Matthew J. During, David Weinshenker, and Richard D. Palmiter. “Role of Noradrenergic Signaling by the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius in Mediating Opiate Reward.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 311, no. 5763 (February 17, 2006): 1017–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Xiu, Liming. Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.

An edited book

Thomas, Sabu, P. M. Visakh, and Aji P. Mathew, eds. Advances in Natural Polymers: Composites and Nanocomposites. Vol. 18. Advanced Structured Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, Yannian, and Quan Li. “Photoresponsive Chiral Liquid Crystal Materials: From 1D Helical Superstructures to 3D Periodic Cubic Lattices and Beyond.” In Nanoscience with Liquid Crystals: From Self-Organized Nanostructures to Applications, edited by Quan Li, 135–77. NanoScience and Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Planning Perspectives.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. “Don’t Miss The Orionid Meteor Shower Tomorrow Night.” IFLScience. IFLScience, October 20, 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/space/annual-orionid-meteor-shower-will-hit-skies-wednesday-night/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. “How Funds Granted to the Eisenhower College and the Rayburn Library Were Spent.” Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 29, 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mueller, Carla. “A Multidimensional Perspective of Faculty Mentoring and Job Satisfaction during the First Year of Teaching at Lindenwood University.” Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt, Michael S. “Officials Cancel Plans to Build New Headquarters for the F.B.I.” New York Times, July 11, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Planning Perspectives
Abbreviation	Plan. Perspect.
ISSN (print)	0266-5433
ISSN (online)	1466-4518
Scope	Geography, Planning and Development