How to format your references using the Pilot and Feasibility Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pilot and Feasibility Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Olsen BR. Disease models: Statins give bone growth a boost. Nature. 2014;513:494–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Brewer PG, Peltzer ET. OCEANS. Limits to marine life. Science. 2009;324:347–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Kuwamura T, Kadota T, Suzuki S. Testing the low-density hypothesis for reversed sex change in polygynous fish: experiments in Labroides dimidiatus. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4369.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Holzheid A, Sylvester P, O’Neill HS, Rubie DC, Palme HS. Evidence for a late chondritic veneer in the Earth’s mantle from high-pressure partitioning of palladium and platinum. Nature. 2000;406:396–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Rumelhard C, Algani C, Billabert A-L. Microwave Photonic Links. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Ellmer K, Klein A, Rech B, editors. Transparent Conductive Zinc Oxide: Basics and Applications in Thin Film Solar Cells. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Tsou JY. Reconsidering the Carnap-Kuhn Connection. In: Devlin WJ, Bokulich A, editors. Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions - 50 Years On. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 51–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pilot and Feasibility Studies.

Blog post

1. Davis J. New “Hog-Nosed” Rat Discovered In Indonesia [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-hog-nosed-rat-discovered-indonesia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Close Air Support: Airborne Controllers in High-Threat Areas May Not Be Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Apr. Report No.: NSIAD-90-116.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Dickens KR. Factors influencing teacher job satisfaction and their alignment with current district practices in a suburban school district [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schwirtz M, Winerip M, Gebeloff R. The Scourge of Racial Bias in New York State’s Prisons. New York Times. 2016 Dec 3;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pilot and Feasibility Studies
Abbreviation	Pilot Feasibility Stud.
ISSN (online)	2055-5784
Scope