How to format your references using the Pilot and Feasibility Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pilot and Feasibility Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Njau J. Paleontology. Reading Pliocene bones. Science. 2012;336:46–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Palmer L, Milhollin G. Nuclear safety. Brazil’s nuclear puzzle. Science. 2004;306:617.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ehrsson HH, Spence C, Passingham RE. That’s my hand! Activity in premotor cortex reflects feeling of ownership of a limb. Science. 2004;305:875–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zurbuchen TH, Raines JM, Slavin JA, Gershman DJ, Gilbert JA, Gloeckler G, et al. MESSENGER observations of the spatial distribution of planetary ions near Mercury. Science. 2011;333:1862–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. van Gumster J, Shimonski R. GIMP Bible. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Maglyas A, Lamprecht A-L, editors. Software Business: 7th International Conference, ICSOB 2016, Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 13-14, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Liu Z. Palpitation of Heart. In: Liu Z, editor. Essentials of Chinese Medicine: Essentials of Clinical Specialties in Chinese Medicine. London: Springer; 2009. p. 45–54.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pilot and Feasibility Studies.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. 28 Things Dogs Should Never Eat. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Direct Student Loans. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995 Aug. Report No.: HEHS-95-225R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Farrell DP. Teachers’ Perceptions of How the Use of Peer Evaluation Could Improve Their Teaching Practice [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Williams ME. A Second Embrace, With Hearts and Eyes Open. New York Times. 2014 Mar 16;ST6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pilot and Feasibility Studies
Abbreviation	Pilot Feasibility Stud.
ISSN (online)	2055-5784
Scope