How to format your references using the Pilot and Feasibility Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pilot and Feasibility Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Grinnell F. Rethink our approach to assessing risk. Nature. 2015;522:257.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pascual A, Préat T. Localization of long-term memory within the Drosophila mushroom body. Science. 2001;294:1115–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Advani MJ, Rajagopalan M, Reddy PH. Calmodulin-like protein from M. tuberculosis H37Rv is required during infection. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6861.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kim S, Lee D, Liu X, Van Neste C, Jeon S, Thundat T. Molecular recognition using receptor-free nanomechanical infrared spectroscopy based on a quantum cascade laser. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1111.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Furmston M. Powell-Smith & Furmston’s Building Contract Casebook. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2008.

An edited book

1. Berstein LM, Santen RJ, editors. Innovative Endocrinology of Cancer. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Gärtner C, Ortmann G. Recursiveness: Relations between Bodies, Metaphors, Organizations and Institutions. In: Weik E, Walgenbach P, editors. Institutions Inc. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016. p. 94–123.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pilot and Feasibility Studies.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Upcoming Battery Will Charge Phones And Electric Cars in Minutes. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Grant Monitoring: Department of Education Could Improve Its Processes with Greater Focus on Assessing Risks, Acquiring Financial Skills, and Sharing Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 Nov. Report No.: GAO-10-57.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Waldner BW. Determining Relationships Between Technology Acceptance and Employee Attitudes Toward Automated Workflows in the Oil Industry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW. Senate Republicans Introduce Bill for Relief of Puerto Rico’s Financial Problems. New York Times. 2015 Dec 10;B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pilot and Feasibility Studies
Abbreviation	Pilot Feasibility Stud.
ISSN (online)	2055-5784
Scope