How to format your references using the Pilot and Feasibility Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pilot and Feasibility Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Adams K. Genomics. Genomic clues to the ancestral flowering plant. Science. 2013;342:1456–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pitt JN, Ferré-D’Amaré AR. Rapid construction of empirical RNA fitness landscapes. Science. 2010;330:376–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Rokas A, Krüger D, Carroll SB. Animal evolution and the molecular signature of radiations compressed in time. Science. 2005;310:1933–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Brown RH, Soderblom LA, Soderblom JM, Clark RN, Jaumann R, Barnes JW, et al. The identification of liquid ethane in Titan’s Ontario Lacus. Nature. 2008;454:607–10.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Mariño PP. Optimization of Computer Networks - Modeling and Algorithms. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Anderson LJ, Graham BS, editors. Challenges and Opportunities for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Pascual TNB, Ros S, Engel-Hills P, Chhem RK. Medical Competency in Postgraduate Medical Training Programs. In: Hibbert KM, Chhem RK, Deven T van, Wang S-C, editors. Radiology Education: The Evaluation and Assessment of Clinical Competence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 29–45.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pilot and Feasibility Studies.

Blog post

1. Andrews R. How Many Calories Does Having Sex Really Burn? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-many-calories-does-having-sex-really-burn/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Highway Infrastructure: Physical Conditions of the Interstate Highway System Have Improved, but Congestion and Other Pressure Continue. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002 Sep. Report No.: GAO-02-1128T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rooks DL. Science for all: Experiences and outcomes of students with visual impairment in a guided inquiry-based classroom [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tucson, AZ]: University of Arizona; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Poniewozik J. Where Surrealism Makes Life Bearable. New York Times. 2016 Dec 26;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pilot and Feasibility Studies
Abbreviation	Pilot Feasibility Stud.
ISSN (online)	2055-5784
Scope