How to format your references using the Pilot and Feasibility Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pilot and Feasibility Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Xie XS. Biochemistry. Enzyme kinetics, past and present. Science. 2013;342:1457–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Maxfield FR, Tabas I. Role of cholesterol and lipid organization in disease. Nature. 2005;438:612–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Liang P-S, Park TS, Yoon J-Y. Rapid and reagentless detection of microbial contamination within meat utilizing a smartphone-based biosensor. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5953.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Paterson L, MacDonald MP, Arlt J, Sibbett W, Bryant PE, Dholakia K. Controlled rotation of optically trapped microscopic particles. Science. 2001;292:912–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pines JM, Carpenter CR, Raja AS, Schuur JD. Evidence-Based Emergency Care. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

1. Liu R, Trappe W, editors. Securing Wireless Communications at the Physical Layer. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jensen K. Pitch Gestures in Generative Modeling of Music. In: Ystad S, Aramaki M, Kronland-Martinet R, Jensen K, editors. Exploring Music Contents: 7th International Symposium, CMMR 2010, Málaga, Spain, June 21-24, 2010 Revised Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 51–9.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pilot and Feasibility Studies.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Stalagmites Help Scientists Trace Ancient Wildfires. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Inconsistencies in Awarding Financial Aid to Students Under Four Federal Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979 May. Report No.: HRD-79-16.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Darnell C. Sharecropping in Higher Education: Case Study of the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University - Florida State University Joint College of Engineering [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Schmidt MS, Apuzzo M. Mueller’s Moves Point to Inquiry Aimed at Trump. New York Times. 2017 Jun 15;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pilot and Feasibility Studies
Abbreviation	Pilot Feasibility Stud.
ISSN (online)	2055-5784
Scope