How to format your references using the Phytotaxa citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phytotaxa. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shelly, D.R. (2010) Periodic, chaotic, and doubled earthquake recurrence intervals on the deep San Andreas fault. Science (New York, N.Y.) 328: 1385–1388.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liu, Y. & Yan, H. (2009) Chemistry. Designer curvature. Science (New York, N.Y.) 325: 685–686.

A journal article with 3 authors

Palla, G., Barabási, A.-L. & Vicsek, T. (2007) Quantifying social group evolution. Nature 446: 664–667.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schaefer, B.F., Turner, S., Parkinson, I., Rogers, N. & Hawkesworth, C. (2002) Evidence for recycled Archaean oceanic mantle lithosphere in the Azores plume. Nature 420: 304–307.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hulin, W. & Jin-Ting, Z. (2006) Nonparametric Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis: Mixed-Effects Modeling Approaches. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Greco, S., Bouchon-Meunier, B., Coletti, G., Fedrizzi, M., Matarazzo, B. & Yager, R.R. eds. (2012) Advances in Computational Intelligence: 14th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2012, Catania, Italy, July 9-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part IV. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. XVI, 692 p. 110 illus p.

A chapter in an edited book

Andrievski, R.A. & Khatchoyan, A.V. (2016) Nanomaterials Behavior in Corrosion Environments. In: A. Khatchoyan (ed.) Nanomaterials in Extreme Environments: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Series in Materials Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 79–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phytotaxa.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016) Watching Nature Documentaries Makes Prisoners Less Aggressive. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/watching-nature-documentaries-makes-prisoners-less-aggressive/ (October 30, 2018)

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Telecommunications: FCC Has Reformed the High-Cost Program, but Oversight and Management Could be Improved. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Skinner, M. (2008) Enamel -dentine junction morphology of extant hominoid and fossil hominin lower molars. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mueller, B. & Baker, A.L. (2016) In the South Bronx, a Police Precinct Where Murder Persists. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Shelly 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Liu & Yan 2009; Shelly 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liu & Yan 2009)
Three or more authors: (Schaefer et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phytotaxa
ISSN (print)	1179-3155
ISSN (online)	1179-3163
Scope