How to format your references using the Physiotherapy Theory and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Murray CD 2006 Planetary science. Ringing the changes. Science (New York, NY) 311: 961–962.

A journal article with 2 authors

Watson R, Pauly D 2001 Systematic distortions in world fisheries catch trends. Nature 414: 534–536.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gros J, Serralbo O, Marcelle C 2009 WNT11 acts as a directional cue to organize the elongation of early muscle fibres. Nature 457: 589–593.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Zhang J, Baker ML, Schröder GF, Douglas NR, Reissmann S, Jakana J, Dougherty M, Fu CJ, Levitt M, Ludtke SJ, et al 2010 Mechanism of folding chamber closure in a group II chaperonin. Nature 463: 379–383.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mowlaee P, Kulmer J, Stahl J, Mayer F 2017 Single Channel Phase-Aware Signal Processing in Speech Communication: Theory and Practice. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Finehout E, Tian W-C, eds. 2009 Microfluidics for Biological Applications. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Brezinski C, Tournès D 2014 Other works of Cholesky. In: Tournès D (Ed) André-Louis Cholesky: Mathematician, Topographer and Army Officer, pp. 123–138. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J 2016 Elon Musk Wants To Send Humans To Mars As Early As 2024. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/elon-musk-wants-to-send-humans-to-mars-as-early-as-2024/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2006 Aviation Security: Progress Made to Set Up Program Using Private-Sector Airport Screeners, but More Work Remains. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kao CH 2012 Community mental health care for Chinese Americans: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch J 2017 Cheers on a Soccer Field, Far From Las Vegas. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Murray, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Murray, 2006; Watson and Pauly, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Watson and Pauly, 2001)
Three authors: (Gros, Serralbo, and Marcelle, 2009)
5 or more authors: (Zhang et al, 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
ISSN (print)	0959-3985
ISSN (online)	1532-5040
Scope