How to format your references using the Physiological Measurement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiological Measurement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kahan D M 2013 Social science. A risky science communication environment for vaccines Science 342 53–4

A journal article with 2 authors

Toner D L K and Grima R 2013 Effects of bursty protein production on the noisy oscillatory properties of downstream pathways Sci. Rep. 3 2438

A journal article with 3 authors

Boots M, Hudson P J and Sasaki A 2004 Large shifts in pathogen virulence relate to host population structure Science 303 842–4

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Steffens S, Veillard N R, Arnaud C, Pelli G, Burger F, Staub C, Karsak M, Zimmer A, Frossard J-L and Mach F 2005 Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice Nature 434 782–6

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levin R 2011 Implementing the Wealth Management Index (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

An edited book

Meyers J, Geurts B J and Sagaut P 2008 Quality and Reliability of Large-Eddy Simulations vol 12 (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands)

A chapter in an edited book

Rexer M, Pail R, Fecher T and Meyer U 2014 Time Variable Gravity: Contributions of GOCE Satellite Data to Monthly and Bi-monthly GRACE Gravity Field Estimates Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems: Proceedings of the IAG Symposium GGHS2012, October 9-12, 2012, Venice, Italy International Association of Geodesy Symposia ed U Marti (Cham: Springer International Publishing) pp 35–40

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiological Measurement.

Blog post

Davis J 2016 100-Million-Year-Old Relationship May Soon Be Driven To Extinction IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1988 Transition Series: Information Technology Issues (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Todman J V 2016 Applicability of health care leadership competence and leadership behaviors for women’s achieving health care executive status Doctoral dissertation (Minneapolis, MN: Capella University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Zimmerman E 2012 99 Ways to be Naughty in Kazakhstan New York Times MM22

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kahan 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Kahan 2013, Toner and Grima 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Toner and Grima 2013)
Three or more authors: (Steffens et al 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiological Measurement
Abbreviation	Physiol. Meas.
ISSN (print)	0967-3334
ISSN (online)	1361-6579
Scope	Biophysics Physiology Biomedical Engineering Physiology (medical)