How to format your references using the Physiological Measurement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiological Measurement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Huang K G 2010 Intellectual property. China’s innovation landscape Science 329 632–3

A journal article with 2 authors

Adamala K and Szostak J W 2013 Nonenzymatic template-directed RNA synthesis inside model protocells Science 342 1098–100

A journal article with 3 authors

Kim H K, Hanson G W and Geller D A 2013 Chemistry. Are gold clusters in RF fields hot or not? Science 340 441–2

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Renault M, Shintu L, Piotto M and Caldarelli S 2013 Slow-spinning low-sideband HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy: delicate analysis of biological samples Sci. Rep. 3 3349

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sierra M A, de la Torre M C and Cossío F P 2013 More Dead Ends and Detours (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA)

An edited book

Li G and Baker S P 2012 Injury Research: Theories, Methods, and Approaches (Boston, MA: Springer US)

A chapter in an edited book

Noureldin A, Karamat T B and Georgy J 2013 Inertial Navigation System Fundamentals of Inertial Navigation, Satellite-based Positioning and their Integration ed T B Karamat and J Georgy (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer) pp 125–66

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiological Measurement.

Blog post

Fang J 2015 New Horned Dino Rocked a Crown-Shaped Frill IFLScience

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1973 Protest of NASA Contract Award (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cox A M 2017 Functional Gain and Change Mechanisms in Post-Production Complex Systems Doctoral dissertation (Washington, DC: George Washington University)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Paulson M 2017 Trump Twitter Quarrel With Michael Moore New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Huang 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Huang 2010, Adamala and Szostak 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Adamala and Szostak 2013)
Three or more authors: (Renault et al 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiological Measurement
Abbreviation	Physiol. Meas.
ISSN (print)	0967-3334
ISSN (online)	1361-6579
Scope	Biophysics Physiology Biomedical Engineering Physiology (medical)