How to format your references using the Physics of Plasmas citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of Plasmas. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ S.A. Rosenberg, “Progress in human tumour immunology and immunotherapy,” Nature 411(6835), 380–384 (2001).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ M. Otsuki, and H. Matsukawa, “Systematic breakdown of Amontons’ law of friction for an elastic object locally obeying Amontons’ law,” Sci. Rep. 3, 1586 (2013).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ S. AbdAlla, H. Lother, and U. Quitterer, “AT1-receptor heterodimers show enhanced G-protein activation and altered receptor sequestration,” Nature 407(6800), 94–98 (2000).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ J. Xie, H. Wu, C. Dai, Q. Pan, Z. Ding, D. Hu, B. Ji, Y. Luo, and X. Hu, “Beyond Warburg effect--dual metabolic nature of cancer cells,” Sci. Rep. 4, 4927 (2014).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ J.S. Owen, and J. Fiedler-Kelly, Introduction to Population Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Analysis with Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models (John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2014).

An edited book

¹ M.T. Thai, and P.M. Pardalos, editors , Handbook of Optimization in Complex Networks: Communication and Social Networks (Springer, New York, NY, 2012).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ M.A. Mukati, in Advanced Information Technology in Education, edited by K.S. Thaung (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012), pp. 23–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of Plasmas.

Blog post

¹ E. Andrew, “Astrophysicists Create The Most Comprehensive Map Of The Universe Yet,” IFLScience, (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Progress Made in Compliance of VA Systems, But Concerns Remain (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ J. Bleicher, Scenario Methods as a Means for Enhancing Organizational Learning: A Delphi Study, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ S. Hollander, “Competition and Camaraderie for Gay Athletes,” New York Times, 84 (2000).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of Plasmas
Abbreviation	Phys. Plasmas
ISSN (print)	1070-664X
ISSN (online)	1089-7674
Scope	Condensed Matter Physics