How to format your references using the Physics of Fluids citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of Fluids. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

¹ P.N. Pusey, “Physics. Freezing and melting: action at grain boundaries,” Science 309(5738), 1198–1199 (2005).

A journal article with 2 authors

¹ J. de Graaf, and L. Manna, “Materials science. A roadmap for the assembly of polyhedral particles,” Science 337(6093), 417–418 (2012).

A journal article with 3 authors

¹ M. Ackermann, S.C. Stearns, and U. Jenal, “Senescence in a bacterium with asymmetric division,” Science 300(5627), 1920 (2003).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

¹ L.E. Strigari, J.S. Bullock, M. Kaplinghat, J.D. Simon, M. Geha, B. Willman, and M.G. Walker, “A common mass scale for satellite galaxies of the Milky Way,” Nature 454(7208), 1096–1097 (2008).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

¹ Y. Rémond, S. Ahzi, M. Baniassadi, and H. Garmestani, Applied RVE Reconstruction and Homogenization of Heterogeneous Materials (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016).

An edited book

¹ R. Choukr-Allah, R. Ragab, and R. Rodriguez-Clemente, editors , Integrated Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean Region: Dialogue towards New Strategy (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2012).

A chapter in an edited book

¹ K.-R. Kim, D.-H. Kim, and H.-J. Kim, “Magnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transmission Using a LLC Resonant Circuit for a Locomotion Robot’s Battery Charging,” in Intelligent Robotics and Applications: 6th International Conference, ICIRA 2013, Busan, South Korea, September 25-28, 2013, Proceedings, Part I, edited by J. Lee, M.C. Lee, H. Liu, and J.-H. Ryu, (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013), pp. 31–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of Fluids.

Blog post

¹ J. Fang, “New Dinosaur Was Largest Known Terrestrial Predator Of The Jurassic,” IFLScience, (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

¹ Government Accountability Office, Opportunity For Savings In Space Programs By Reevaluating Needs Before Buying Facilities (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1968).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

¹ P. Luo, Evaluation of the Flicker Effect as a Generative Strategy in Enhancing Computer -Based Instruction (CBI) of Visual Recognition and Classification, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

¹ S. Fink, J. Risen, and C. Savage, “New Details of C.I.A. Torture, and a New Clash,” New York Times, A1 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of Fluids
Abbreviation	Phys. Fluids (1994)
ISSN (print)	1070-6631
ISSN (online)	1089-7666
Scope	Condensed Matter Physics