How to format your references using the Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Yang X. An embryonic nation. Nature 2004;428:210–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Yartsev MM, Ulanovsky N. Representation of three-dimensional space in the hippocampus of flying bats. Science 2013;340:367–72.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Akbarzadeh A, Qiu C-W, Danner AJ. Exploiting design freedom in biaxial dielectrics to enable spatially overlapping optical instruments. Sci Rep 2013;3:2055.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Liu YH, Wang G, Wang RJ, Zhao DQ, Pan MX, Wang WH. Super plastic bulk metallic glasses at room temperature. Science 2007;315:1385–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Jenkinson J, Hyde T, Ahmad S. Building Blocks for Learning: Occupational Therapy Approaches. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Kim T-H, Stoica A, Chang R-S, editors. Security-Enriched Urban Computing and Smart Grid: First International Conference, SUComS 2010, Daejeon, Korea, September 15-17, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Chaturvedi A, Mishra D, Mukhopadhyay S. Improved Biometric-Based Three-factor Remote User Authentication Scheme with Key Agreement Using Smart Card. In: Bagchi A, Ray I, editors. Information Systems Security: 9th International Conference, ICISS 2013, Kolkata, India, December 16-20, 2013. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 63–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Space Telescope Reveals Predecessors of Giant Stars and Mysterious Ring. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/space/space-telescope-reveals-predecessors-giant-stars-and-mysterious-ring/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Review of Two Proposed Automatic Data Processing Procurements by the Social Security Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Parihar R. Characterization of the Natural Killer Cell Cytokine Response to Antibody-Coated Tumor Cells. Doctoral dissertation. Ohio State University, 2004.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Walsh MW. Eugene R. Anderson, 82; He Made Insurers Pay Up. New York Times 2010:A17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Phys. Imaging Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6316
Scope