How to format your references using the Physical Therapy in Sport citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Therapy in Sport. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gavaghan, H. (2000). Mergers and acquisitions rock UK chemical industry infrastructure. Nature, 406(6797), 812.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bao, J., & Bawendi, M. G. (2015). A colloidal quantum dot spectrometer. Nature, 523(7558), 67–70.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mukhopadhyay, S., Farley, K. A., & Montanari, A. (2001). A short duration of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event: evidence from extraterrestrial helium-3. Science (New York, N.Y.), 291(5510), 1952–1955.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Gross, T., Rudolf, L., Levin, S. A., & Dieckmann, U. (2009). Generalized models reveal stabilizing factors in food webs. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5941), 747–750.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins, D. (2013). Reading Paradise Lost. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Agarwal, B. (2016). Prominent Feature Extraction for Sentiment Analysis (N. Mittal, Ed.). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Cherkaoui, M., & Capolungo, L. (2009). Grain Boundary Modeling. In L. Capolungo (Ed.), Atomistic and Continuum Modeling of Nanocrystalline Materials: Deformation Mechanisms and Scale Transition (pp. 117–142). Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Therapy in Sport.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, February 17). FDA Buries Evidence of Fraud. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). Federal Education Funding: Overview of K-12 and Early Childhood Education Programs (GAO-10-51). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Anthony, P. J. (2008). Determining courses of action for educational leaders to achieve Adequate Yearly Progress [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Phoenix.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Packer, G. (2010, November 14). Spheres of Influence. New York Times, BR12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gavaghan, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Bao & Bawendi, 2015; Gavaghan, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bao & Bawendi, 2015)
Three authors: (Mukhopadhyay et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Gross et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Therapy in Sport
Abbreviation	Phys. Ther. Sport
ISSN (print)	1466-853X
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation