How to format your references using the Physical Therapy in Sport citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Therapy in Sport. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Giomataris, I. (2010). Georges Charpak (1924-2010). Nature, 467(7319), 1048.

A journal article with 2 authors

Forterre, Y., & Dumais, J. (2011). Materials science. Generating helices in nature. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6050), 1715–1716.

A journal article with 3 authors

Esper, J., Cook, E. R., & Schweingruber, F. H. (2002). Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for reconstructing past temperature variability. Science (New York, N.Y.), 295(5563), 2250–2253.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Liu, T.-M., Yu, J., Chang, C. A., Chiou, A., Chiang, H. K., Chuang, Y.-C., Wu, C.-H., Hsu, C.-H., Chen, P.-A., & Huang, C.-C. (2014). One-step shell polymerization of inorganic nanoparticles and their applications in SERS/nonlinear optical imaging, drug delivery, and catalysis. Scientific Reports, 4, 5593.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boillot, M. (2014). Advanced Smart Grids for Distribution System Operators: Volume 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Butz, A., Fisher, B., Krüger, A., Olivier, P., & Christie, M. (Eds.). (2008). Smart Graphics: 9th International Symposium, SG 2008, Rennes, France, August 27-29, 2008. Proceedings (Vol. 5166). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Besson, F., Blazy, S., & Wilke, P. (2015). A Concrete Memory Model for CompCert. In C. Urban & X. Zhang (Eds.), Interactive Theorem Proving: 6th International Conference, ITP 2015, Nanjing, China, August 24-27, 2015, Proceedings (pp. 67–83). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Therapy in Sport.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, December 3). Manhattan Insects Eat Tons of Garbage off the Streets Every Year. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Information Technology: OMB Needs to Improve Its Guidance on IT Investments (GAO-11-826). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hall, K. N. (2010). Facilitating physically active identity development in older women [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Arizona.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Adkins, M. (2014, May 4). The Race to Beat ‘Best Before.’ New York Times, MB3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Giomataris, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Forterre & Dumais, 2011; Giomataris, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Forterre & Dumais, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Therapy in Sport
Abbreviation	Phys. Ther. Sport
ISSN (print)	1466-853X
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation