How to format your references using the Physical Review D citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physical Review D. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. F. Hartwig, Chemical synthesis. Raising the bar for the “perfect reaction,” Science 297, 1653 (2002).

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. W. Murray and D. Marks, Can sequencing shed light on cell cycling?, Nature 409, 844 (2001).

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

E. M. Standen, T. Y. Du, and H. C. E. Larsson, Developmental plasticity and the origin of tetrapods, Nature 513, 54 (2014).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M. Carreiras, M. L. Seghier, S. Baquero, A. Estévez, A. Lozano, J. T. Devlin, and C. J. Price, An anatomical signature for literacy, Nature 461, 983 (2009).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Ronen, The Positive Power of Imagery (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2011).

An edited book

[1]

A. Apsel, Design of Ultra-Low Power Impulse Radios, Vol. 124 (Springer, New York, NY, 2014).

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D. Morschett, H. Schramm-Klein, and J. Zentes, Role Typologies for Foreign Subsidiaries, in Strategic International Management: Text and Cases, edited by H. Schramm-Klein and J. Zentes (Gabler, Wiesbaden, 2010), pp. 51–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physical Review D.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Transylvanian Music Festival Offers Ticket Discount For Blood, (unpublished).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Status of Medicare Providers Unknown, No. AIMD-99-243, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A. S. Vail, The Gift of Noetic Image: Spontaneous Imagery and Psychological Well-Being in Women with Breast Cancer, Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Hubbard, Bahrain Executes 3 Shiites Convicted in Deadly Bomb Attack on the Police, New York Times A9 (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physical Review D
ISSN (print)	2470-0010
ISSN (online)	2470-0029
Scope