How to format your references using the Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

E. Marris, India in demand, Nature. 433 (2005) 902–903.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Schulze, A.L. Harris, How cancer metabolism is tuned for proliferation and vulnerable to disruption, Nature. 491 (2012) 364–373.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M. Paggi, R. Pohrt, V.L. Popov, Partial-slip frictional response of rough surfaces, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5178.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.J. Carol, S. Takeda, P. Linstead, M.C. Durrant, H. Kakesova, P. Derbyshire, S. Drea, V. Zarsky, L. Dolan, A RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor spatially regulates growth in root hair cells, Nature. 438 (2005) 1013–1016.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M.A. El-Reedy, Project Management in the Oil and Gas Industry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2016.

An edited book

[1]

G. Pólya, Notes on Introductory Combinatorics, 1st ed., Birkhäuser, Boston, MA, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Wiercigroch, A. Najdecka, V. Vaziri, Nonlinear Dynamics of Pendulums System for Energy Harvesting, in: J. Náprstek, J. Horáček, M. Okrouhlík, B. Marvalová, F. Verhulst, J.T. Sawicki (Eds.), Vibration Problems ICOVP 2011: The 10th International Conference on Vibration Problems, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2011: pp. 35–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, How To Find Micrometeorites In Your Home, IFLScience. (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Sanitary Conditions in Selected Food Industries, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

T. Smith, Outsider leadership transitions: A phenomenological study of Army Reserve General Officers, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

C. Kelly, An Actor Known by Face Lends Voice to ‘True Grit,’ New York Times. (2010) A33B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Abbreviation	Physica A
ISSN (print)	0378-4371
Scope	Statistics and Probability Condensed Matter Physics