How to format your references using the Phycological Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phycological Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maugeri, L. 2004. Science and industry. Oil: never cry wolf--why the petroleum age is far from over.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chiu, C. and Weliky, M. 2003. Neuroscience. Synaptic modification by vision.

A journal article with 3 authors

Boudvillain, M., de Lencastre, A. and Pyle, A.M. 2000. A tertiary interaction that links active-site domains to the 5’ splice site of a group II intron.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Saito, M., Tsounapi, P., Oikawa, R. et al. 2014. Prostatic ischemia induces ventral prostatic hyperplasia in the SHR; possible mechanism of development of BPH.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Heimer, T. and Werner, M. 2004. Die Zukunft der Mikrosystemtechnik. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Meersman, R., Tari, Z. and Herrero, P. (Eds.) 2007. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2007: OTM 2007 Workshops: OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, OTM Academy Doctoral Consortium, MONET, OnToContent, ORM, PerSys, PPN, RDDS, SSWS, and SWWS 2007, Vilamoura, Portugal, November 25-30, 2007, Proceedings, Part II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Ribes, R., Iannarelli, P. and Duarte, R.F. 2009. Writing Scientific Correspondence. In Iannarelli, P. and Duarte, R. F. (Eds) English for Biomedical Scientists. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 96–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phycological Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. The Same Genes Influence Exam Results Across A Range Of School Subjects. [updated: October 30, 2018; cited: October 30, 2018]. Available At: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/same-genes-influence-exam-results-across-range-school-subjects/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1987. University Funding: Patterns of Distribution of Federal Research Funds to Universities. No. RCED-87-67BR.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Selis, A.H. 2010. Holding the center: How one Jewish day school negotiates differences in a pluralistic community. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. 2014. Germany Can Inflict Pain on the U.S., as It Has Before.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maugeri 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Chiu & Weliky 2003; Maugeri 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chiu & Weliky 2003)
Three or more authors: (Saito et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phycological Research
Abbreviation	Phycological Res.
ISSN (print)	1322-0829
ISSN (online)	1440-1835
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Physiology