How to format your references using the Photosynthetica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photosynthetica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bornens, M.: The centrosome in cells and organisms. – Science 335: 422–426, 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

Long, Y., Wang, J.: Optically-controlled extinction ratio and Q-factor tunable silicon microring resonators based on optical forces. – Sci. Rep. 4: 5409, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chung, K., Lee, C.-H., Yi, G.-C.: Transferable GaN layers grown on ZnO-coated graphene layers for optoelectronic devices. – Science 330: 655–657, 2010.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Takayama, S., Ostuni, E., LeDuc, P., et al.: Subcellular positioning of small molecules. – Nature 411: 1016, 2001.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Filla, J.J., Brown, H.E.: Prospect Research for Fundraisers. – John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ 2013.

An edited book

Purvis, M.: Beginning Google Maps Applications with PHP and Ajax: From Novice to Professional. – Sambells, J. and Turner, C. (eds.). Apress, Berkeley, CA 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Biancani, S., McFarland, D.A.: Social Networks Research in Higher Education. – In: Paulsen, M.B. (ed.): Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research: Volume 28. Pp. 151–215. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photosynthetica.

Blog post

Andrews, R.: World’s Most Ambitious Project To Explore Atlantic Ocean Kicks Off. – 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Aviation Safety: Information on FAA’s Age 60 Rule for Pilots. – U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Powell, J.E.: Menasha Litigation: Wake-Up Call or Just A False Alarm. – George Washington University, Washington, DC 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu, L.: Across the Spectrum, Conspiracy Talk Is Rife. – New York Times A22, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bornens 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Bornens 2012; Long and Wang 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Long and Wang 2014)
Three or more authors: (Takayama et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Photosynthetica
ISSN (print)	0300-3604
ISSN (online)	1573-9058
Scope