How to format your references using the Photonics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photonics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Prantzos, N. Cosmology: Rare Isotopic Insight into the Universe. Nature 2016, 529, 33–34.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hegerl, G.C.; Russon, T. Climate Change. Using the Past to Predict the Future? Science 2011, 334, 1360–1361.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rhew, R.C.; Miller, B.R.; Weiss, R.F. Natural Methyl Bromide and Methyl Chloride Emissions from Coastal Salt Marshes. Nature 2000, 403, 292–295.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Montarras, D.; Morgan, J.; Collins, C.; Relaix, F.; Zaffran, S.; Cumano, A.; Partridge, T.; Buckingham, M. Direct Isolation of Satellite Cells for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Science 2005, 309, 2064–2067.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Picard, F.; Tanguy, C. Innovations and Techno-Ecological Transition; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2016; ISBN 9781119185772.

An edited book

Coronavirus Replication and Reverse Genetics; Enjuanes, L., Ed.; Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005; Vol. 287; ISBN 9783540214946.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhang, X.; Yang, X.; Li, Q. The Data Envelopment Analysis of Eco-Efficiency in Western China from 2000 to 2010. In Proceedings of 2014 1st International Conference on Industrial Economics and Industrial Security; Li, M., Zhang, Q., Zhang, R., Shi, X., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015; pp. 25–32 ISBN 9783662440841.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photonics.

Blog post

Andrew, E. This Is Why You Will Lose Your Argument (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office Medicare Automated Systems: Weaknesses in Managing Information Technology Hinder Fight Against Fraud and Abuse; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1997;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McGrew, C. Living with Diabetes: The Value of Everyday Communication. Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University: Columbus, OH, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, M.J. Blue Apron Pursues I.P.O. As Amazon Poses Threat. New York Times 2017, B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Photonics
Abbreviation	Photonics
ISSN (online)	2304-6732
Scope