How to format your references using the Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. Storb, Edward Donnall Thomas (1920-2012), Nature 491 (2012) 334.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Giessen, M. Lippitz, Physics. Directing light emission from quantum dots, Science 329 (2010) 910–911.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K. Catalli, S.-H. Shim, V. Prakapenka, Thickness and Clapeyron slope of the post-perovskite boundary, Nature 462 (2009) 782–785.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Mashiko, Y. Fujihara, Y. Satouh, H. Miyata, A. Isotani, M. Ikawa, Generation of mutant mice by pronuclear injection of circular plasmid expressing Cas9 and single guided RNA, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3355.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A.M. Sapienza, Managing Scientists, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2004.

An edited book

[1]

G. Jikeli, J. Allouche-Benayoun, eds., Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities: Sources, Comparisons and Educational Challenges, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

D. Nestel, P. Rempoulakis, L. Yanovski, M.A. Miranda, N.T. Papadopoulos, The Evolution of Alternative Control Strategies in a Traditional Crop: Economy and Policy as Drivers of Olive Fly Control, in: A.R. Horowitz, I. Ishaaya (Eds.), Advances in Insect Control and Resistance Management, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 47–76.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, The Bizarre Life Of The Vampire Squid From Hell, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/vampire-squids-live-long-and-spawn-often/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Building Partner Capacity: Actions Needed to Strengthen DOD Efforts to Assess the Performance of the Regional Centers for Security Studies, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.D. Tsang, The depth range of azimuthal anisotropy beneath Southern California via analyses of long-period Rayleigh-waves, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Shpigel, Rangers Unearth Vigor in a Clinching Win, New York Times (2017) SP7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications
ISSN (print)	1569-4410
Scope