How to format your references using the Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

G. Poppy, Science must prepare for impact, Nature 526 (2015) 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R. Righelato, D.V. Spracklen, Environment. Carbon mitigation by biofuels or by saving and restoring forests?, Science 317 (2007) 902.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G. Zhang, C. Liu, S. Fan, Directly measuring of thermal pulse transfer in one-dimensional highly aligned carbon nanotubes, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2549.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.S. Floyd, J.C. Mutter, A.M. Goodliffe, B. Taylor, Evidence for fault weakness and fluid flow within an active low-angle normal fault, Nature 411 (2001) 779–783.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Z. Hochberg, Evo-Devo of Child Growth, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

J. Benaloh, ed., Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2014: The Cryptographer’s Track at the RSA Conference 2014, San Francisco, CA, USA, February 25-28, 2014. Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T.A. Lucey, M.F. Agnello, J.D. Laney, Risk Management and Insurance, in: M.F. Agnello, J.D. Laney (Eds.), A Critically Compassionate Approach to Financial Literacy, SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2015: pp. 93–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Antibody Drug Gives New Life To Chronic Fatigue Sufferers, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/cancer-drug-gives-new-life-chronic-fatigue-sufferers/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Freight Railroads: Updated Information on Rates and Other Industry Trends, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B.A. Wheatley, Leadership styles of healthcare executives: Comparisons of transformational, transactional, and passive-avoidant styles, Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

K. Crow, Small Budget Cuts at a School Cause a Large Amount of Pain, New York Times (2001) 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications
ISSN (print)	1569-4410
Scope