How to format your references using the Photonic Network Communications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photonic Network Communications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nebel, C.E.: Chemistry. Surface-conducting diamond. Science. 318, 1391–1392 (2007)

A journal article with 2 authors

Armitage, B.A., Berget, P.B.: Chemistry. An enlightening structure-function relationship. Science. 319, 1195–1196 (2008)

A journal article with 3 authors

Thammavongsa, V., Missiakas, D.M., Schneewind, O.: Staphylococcus aureus degrades neutrophil extracellular traps to promote immune cell death. Science. 342, 863–866 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Li, M., Zhu, Y., Zhang, H., Li, L., He, P., Xia, H., Zhang, Y., Mao, C.: Delivery of inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) gene significantly inhibits proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 7380 (2014)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Franssen, J.-M., Real, P.V.: Fire Design of Steel Structures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany (2010)

An edited book

Roose, J., Dietz, H. eds: Social Theory and Social Movements: Mutual Inspirations. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden (2016)

A chapter in an edited book

Visone, T.: Cosmopolitanism and Europe: An Original Encounter in the Thirties (1929–1939). In: Papastephanou, M. (ed.) Cosmopolitanism: Educational, Philosophical and Historical Perspectives. pp. 65–76. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photonic Network Communications.

Blog post

Hamilton, K.: Do You Really Choose What You Eat – Or Do Your Gut Microbes Decide For You?

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Telecommunications: Direct Broadcast Satellite Subscribership Has Grown Rapidly, but Varies across Different Types of Markets. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2005)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Moore, A.M.: Assessing the demand for simplified stormwater modeling tools within the design profession to facilitate the adoption of sustainable stormwater practices, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K.: An Esteemed Seminary’s Earthly Concern: The Endowment Shrinks, but Bills Persist, (2002)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Photonic Network Communications
ISSN (print)	1387-974X
ISSN (online)	1572-8188
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Electrical and Electronic Engineering Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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