How to format your references using the Photonic Network Communications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Photonic Network Communications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gingerich, O.: Tycho and the ton of gold. Nature. 403, 251 (2000)

A journal article with 2 authors

Perakis, S.S., Hedin, L.O.: Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds. Nature. 415, 416–419 (2002)

A journal article with 3 authors

Koskinen, M.T., Haugen, T.O., Primmer, C.R.: Contemporary fisherian life-history evolution in small salmonid populations. Nature. 419, 826–830 (2002)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Pruyne, D., Evangelista, M., Yang, C., Bi, E., Zigmond, S., Bretscher, A., Boone, C.: Role of formins in actin assembly: nucleation and barbed-end association. Science. 297, 612–615 (2002)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sarkar, T.K., Salazar-Palma, M., Mokole, E.L.: Physics of Multiantenna Systems and Broadband Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2007)

An edited book

Patel, H.D.: SystemC Kernel Extensions for Heterogeneous System Modeling: A framework for Multi-MoC Modeling & Simulation. Springer US, Boston, MA (2005)

A chapter in an edited book

Baskin, D., Sommers, I., Baskin-Sommers, A.: Methamphetamine Use, Personality Traits, and High-Risk Behaviors. In: Sanders, B., Thomas, Y.F., and Griffin Deeds, B. (eds.) Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns. pp. 95–111. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2013)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Photonic Network Communications.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Robot Velociraptor Runs Faster Than Usain Bolt, https://www.iflscience.com/technology/robot-velociraptor-runs-faster-usain-bolt/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Inquiry Into Allegations of Improprieties at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1982)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wheeler, T.J.: Efficient construction of accurate multiple alignments and large-scale phylogenies, (2009)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Branch, J.: Leader of U.S. Governing Body Resigns as Scandal Spreads, (2017)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Photonic Network Communications
ISSN (print)	1387-974X
ISSN (online)	1572-8188
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Electrical and Electronic Engineering Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics