How to format your references using the Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Nelson WJ. Adaptation of core mechanisms to generate cell polarity. Nature 2003;422:766–74.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000;407:249–57.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Tynan CT, DeMaster DP, Peterson WT. Endangered right whales on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. Science 2001;294:1894.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Some S, Xu Y, Kim Y, Yoon Y, Qin H, Kulkarni A, et al. Highly sensitive and selective gas sensor using hydrophilic and hydrophobic graphenes. Sci Rep 2013;3:1868.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bécherrawy T. Mechanical and Electromagnetic Vibrations and Waves. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Jayakumar R, Prabaharan M, Muzzarelli RAA, editors. Chitosan for Biomaterials II. vol. 244. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Pohlmann M. The Migration of Elites in a Borderless World: Citizenship as an Incentive for Professionals and Managers? In: Pohlmann M, Yang J, Lee J-H, editors. Citizenship and Migration in the Era of Globalization: The Flow of Migrants and the Perception of Citizenship in Asia and Europe, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013, p. 59–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Military Test Amphibious Robot Guard Balls. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/meet-guardbot-spherical-amphibious-robot/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Emergency Relief: Status of the Replacement of the Cypress Viaduct. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kramer JA. Accurate Localization Given Uncertain Sensors. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Political Memo; Republicans Re-Think “Family Values” Focus. New York Times 1992:A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation
Abbreviation	Hand Surg. Rehabil.
ISSN (print)	2468-1229
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Surgery

Research and Writing Guides