How to format your references using the Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Garber K. Biochemistry: A radical treatment. Nature 2012;489:S4-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Danielson JÅH, Frommer WB. Plant science. Jack of all trades, master of flowering. Science 2013;339:659–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Wang Y, Duan Z, Fan D. An ion diffusion method for visualising a solid-like water nanofilm. Sci Rep 2013;3:3505.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Feely RA, Sabine CL, Lee K, Berelson W, Kleypas J, Fabry VJ, et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 2004;305:362–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Zhong Q-C, Hornik T. Control of Power Inverters in Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Denaro L, D’Avella D, Denaro V, editors. Pitfalls in Cervical Spine Surgery: Avoidance and Management of Complications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kurimoto A. Structure and Governance of Networks: Cases of Franchising and Co-operative Chains. In: Hendrikse G, Tuunanen M, Windsperger J, Cliquet G, editors. Strategy and Governance of Networks: Cooperatives, Franchising, and Strategic Alliances, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD; 2008, p. 63–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. How to Produce Sparks from Falling Water. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/how-produce-sparks-falling-water/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Improvements Needed in Continuity Planning and Involvement of Key Users. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ghafoori E. Wavelet transform and neural network. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario B. Disputes Over Prince’s Estate Cloud the Future of His Vault. New York Times 2017:C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation
Abbreviation	Hand Surg. Rehabil.
ISSN (print)	2468-1229
Scope	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Surgery

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