How to format your references using the Philosophia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gursky, H. (2002). X-ray astronomy-40 years on. Science (New York, N.Y.), 297(5586), 1485–1486.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zufall, R. A., & Rausher, M. D. (2004). Genetic changes associated with floral adaptation restrict future evolutionary potential. Nature, 428(6985), 847–850.

A journal article with 3 authors

Reyes-Lamothe, R., Sherratt, D. J., & Leake, M. C. (2010). Stoichiometry and architecture of active DNA replication machinery in Escherichia coli. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5977), 498–501.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Coulter, D. A., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., Drout, M. R., Piro, A. L., Shappee, B. J., et al. (2017). Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source. Science (New York, N.Y.), 358(6370), 1556–1558.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tourlakis, G. (2008). Mathematical Logic. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tkacz, E., & Kapczynski, A. (Eds.). (2009). Internet – Technical Development and Applications (Vol. 64). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Pfeiffer, S., & Green, T. (2015). Accessibility, Internationalization, and Navigation. In T. Green (Ed.), Beginning HTML5 Media: Make the most of the new video and audio standards for the Web (pp. 129–189). Berkeley, CA: Apress.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophia.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2016, September 21). Paris Climate Deal Nears Finishing Line As UK Announces It Will Ratify Agreement. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1983). NASA-Ames Research Center Should Not Have Awarded Computational Services Contract to SBA and Technology Development of California (No. AFMD-83-40). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holmgren, J. L. (2013). Instructor responses to rhetorical dissent: Student perceptions of justice and classroom outcomes (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, J. (2017, April 2). Mets’ Syndergaard Keeps Hitting the Gas. Just How Fast Can He Go? New York Times, p. D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gursky 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Gursky 2002; Zufall and Rausher 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zufall and Rausher 2004)
Three or more authors: (Coulter et al. 2017)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophia
Abbreviation	Philosophia (Ramat Gan)
ISSN (print)	0048-3893
ISSN (online)	1574-9274
Scope	Philosophy