How to format your references using the Philosophia citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Philosophia. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alon, U. (2007). Simplicity in biology. Nature, 446(7135), 497.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wuchty, S., & Uetz, P. (2014). Protein-protein Interaction Networks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae are similar. Scientific reports, 4, 7187.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marshall, C. B., Fletcher, G. L., & Davies, P. L. (2004). Hyperactive antifreeze protein in a fish. Nature, 429(6988), 153.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wang, D., Garcia-Bassets, I., Benner, C., Li, W., Su, X., Zhou, Y., et al. (2011). Reprogramming transcription by distinct classes of enhancers functionally defined by eRNA. Nature, 474(7351), 390–394.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bayor, R. H. (2017). Fiorello La Guardia. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Vries, M. J. D. (2005). Teaching about Technology: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Technology for Non-philosophers. (W. W. Cobern, K. Tobin, H. Brown-Acquay, M. Espinet, G. Irzik, O. Jegede, et al., Eds.) (Vol. 27). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Thakor, N. V. (2014). Neuroprosthetics: Past, Present and Future. In W. Jensen, O. K. Andersen, & M. Akay (Eds.), Replace, Repair, Restore, Relieve – Bridging Clinical and Engineering Solutions in Neurorehabilitation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation (ICNR2014), Aalborg, 24-26 June, 2014 (pp. 15–21). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Philosophia.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, March 16). Male Peacocks Spend Most Their Time Checking Out Guys And Ignoring Females. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/male-peacocks-spend-most-their-time-checking-out-guys-and-ignoring-females/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Transportation Security Research: Coordination Needed in Selecting and Implementing Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessments (No. GAO-03-502). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson, R. S. (2008). Relationship Banking in a Competitive Environment With and Without Information Sharing: The Importance of Credit Bureaus in Microfinance (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, M. E. (2014, March 16). A Second Embrace, With Hearts and Eyes Open. New York Times, p. ST6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Alon 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Alon 2007; Wuchty and Uetz 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Wuchty and Uetz 2014)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Philosophia
Abbreviation	Philosophia (Ramat Gan)
ISSN (print)	0048-3893
ISSN (online)	1574-9274
Scope	Philosophy