How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Check E. Retraction signals end of cell-biology debate. Nature. 2004;427:574.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Nitzan A, Ratner MA. Electron transport in molecular wire junctions. Science. 2003;300:1384–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Wechsler T, Newman S, West SC. Aberrant chromosome morphology in human cells defective for Holliday junction resolution. Nature. 2011;471:642–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Xiao X, Yao Y, Zhou L-M, Wang X. Distribution of quantum Fisher information in asymmetric cloning machines. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7361.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pinoli J-C. Mathematical Foundations of Image Processing and Analysis 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

1. Choudhury T, Quigley A, Strang T, Suginuma K, editors. Location and Context Awareness: 4th International Symposium, LoCA 2009 Tokyo, Japan, May 7-8, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Haraty RA, Massalkhy S. UPP+: A Flexible User Privacy Policy for Social Networking Services. In: Chbeir R, Al Bouna B, editors. Security and Privacy Preserving in Social Networks. Vienna: Springer; 2013. p. 139–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. What Would The USA Look Like If All The Ice On Earth Melted? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Education Paperwork Requirements Are Burdensome: Better Federal Controls Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1982 May. Report No.: GGD-82-28.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Davis PJ. A comparison of a high and low -performing school in the Soroti Catholic Diocese, Uganda, East -Africa [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Baker P. Forces He Could Not Control. New York Times. 2017 Sep 6;BR11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles
Abbreviation	Pharmacoecon. Ital. Res. Artic.
ISSN (print)	1590-9158
ISSN (online)	2035-6137
Scope	Health Policy Pharmacology (medical)

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