How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dennis C. Baiting plan to remove fox threat to Tasmanian wildlife. Nature. 2002;416:357.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Folkman J, Kalluri R. Cancer without disease. Nature. 2004;427:787.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Charlesworth JD, Warren TL, Brainard MS. Covert skill learning in a cortical-basal ganglia circuit. Nature. 2012;486:251–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wu C, Chen J-L, Ye X-J, Su H-Y, Deng D-L, Wang Z, et al. Test of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering based on the all-versus-nothing proof. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4291.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. May V, Kühn O. Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH; 2007.

An edited book

1. Conti N. Citizens, Europe and the Media: Have New Media made Citizens more Eurosceptical? Memoli V, editor. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Wortsman X. Dermatologic Ultrasound. In: Daniels JM, Hoppmann RA, editors. Practical Point-of-Care Medical Ultrasound. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 47–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Billionth Gamma-Ray Observed By NASA Fermi Satellite Instrument [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/billionth-gamma-ray-observed-by-nasa-fermi-satellite-instrument/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Job Training Partnership Act: An Analysis of Support Cost Limits and Participant Characteristics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1985 Nov. Report No.: HRD-86-16.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Monk KJ. Effects of distractors and force feedback on an aimed movement task in a CDTI environment [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Wagner J. Mets Put Another Starter On the D.L. New York Times. 2017 Jun 22;B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles
Abbreviation	Pharmacoecon. Ital. Res. Artic.
ISSN (print)	1590-9158
ISSN (online)	2035-6137
Scope	Health Policy Pharmacology (medical)