How to format your references using the PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Berkman PA. International spaces promote peace. Nature. 2009;462:412–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Coffin JM, Stoye JP. Virology. A new virus for old diseases? Science. 2009;326:530–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Alby K, Schaefer D, Bennett RJ. Homothallic and heterothallic mating in the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Nature. 2009;460:890–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cortázar D, Kunz C, Selfridge J, Lettieri T, Saito Y, MacDougall E, et al. Embryonic lethal phenotype reveals a function of TDG in maintaining epigenetic stability. Nature. 2011;470:419–23.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Krysinski T, Malburet F. Mechanical Instability. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Snarskii AA. Transport Processes in Macroscopically Disordered Media: From Mean Field Theory to Percolation. Bezsudnov IV, Sevryukov VA, Morozovskiy A, Malinsky J, editors. New York, NY: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Smith B, Laskowski S, Lowry S. Implications of Graphics on Usability and Accessibility for the Voter. In: Ryan PYA, Schoenmakers B, editors. E-Voting and Identity: Second International Conference, VOTE-ID 2009, Luxembourg, September 7-8, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 54–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Burning All Remaining Fossil Fuels Could Raise Sea Levels 60 Meters [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/burning-all-remaining-fossil-fuels-could-raise-sea-levels-60-metres/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Complete and Enforced Architecture Needed for FAA Systems Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997 Feb. Report No.: AIMD-97-30.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Seip N. A one day training on the human papillomavirus for foster youth receiving independent living services: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kinsley M. The Upside to the Presidential Twitter Feed. New York Times. 2017 Apr 29;SR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	PharmacoEconomics Italian Research Articles
Abbreviation	Pharmacoecon. Ital. Res. Artic.
ISSN (print)	1590-9158
ISSN (online)	2035-6137
Scope	Health Policy Pharmacology (medical)