How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zhang CT. A novel triangle mapping technique to study the h-index based citation distribution. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1023.

A journal article with 2 authors

Acemoglu D, Robinson J. Economics. Foundations of societal inequality. Science. 2009;326(5953):678-679.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hartl FU, Bracher A, Hayer-Hartl M. Molecular chaperones in protein folding and proteostasis. Nature. 2011;475(7356):324-332.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Shackleton M, Vaillant F, Simpson KJ, et al. Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell. Nature. 2006;439(7072):84-88.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Petrucelli JR. Detecting Fraud in Organizations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Joffe H, Rossetto T, Adams J, eds. Cities at Risk: Living with Perils in the 21st Century. Vol 33. Springer Netherlands; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Saling P. Eco-efficiency Assessment. In: Finkbeiner M, ed. Special Types of Life Cycle Assessment. LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment. Springer Netherlands; 2016:115-178.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Methods.

Blog post

Andrew E. Device That Shows Your Veins In Bright Green Could Make Donating Blood Easier. IFLScience. Published November 3, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/device-shows-your-veins-bright-green-could-make-donating-blood-easier/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Superfund: EPA Needs to Better Focus Cleanup Technology Development. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Samel C. Imagination and Negotiation: Motivations for Cambodian Women to Marry Cambodian American Men. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Officers Cleared Of Chechen Deaths. New York Times. May 20, 2005:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Methods
Abbreviation	Pharm. Methods
ISSN (print)	2229-4708
Scope