How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Methods citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Methods. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hillmyer MA. Materials science. Micelles made to order. Science. 2007;317(5838):604-605.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shao S, Hegde RS. Cell Biology. Local synthesis and disposal. Science. 2014;346(6210):701-702.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hastings IM, Bray PG, Ward SA. Parasitology. A requiem for chloroquine. Science. 2002;298(5591):74-75.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chiba D, Yamanouchi M, Matsukura F, Ohno H. Electrical manipulation of magnetization reversal in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Science. 2003;301(5635):943-945.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scheringer M. Persistence and Spatial Range of Environmental Chemicals. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2002.

An edited book

Grönlund HE. IOS 6 Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach. (Francis C, Grimes S, eds.). Apress; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Roussillon C, Gonzalez A, Solà J, et al. RT-SLAM: A Generic and Real-Time Visual SLAM Implementation. In: Crowley JL, Draper BA, Thonnat M, eds. Computer Vision Systems: 8th International Conference, ICVS 2011, Sophia Antipolis, France, September 20-22, 2011. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2011:31-40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Methods.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Very Useful Art Of Assessing A Supervolcano Without Making It Erupt. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Research and Development: FAA Could Improve How It Develops Its Portfolio and Reports Its Activities. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Engel SM. Proform-Antecedent Linking in Listeners with Language Impairments and Unimpaired Listeners. Doctoral dissertation. University of California San Diego; 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neal L. Quotation of the Day. New York Times. April 7, 2010:A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Methods
Abbreviation	Pharm. Methods
ISSN (print)	2229-4708
Scope