How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kerr RA. PALEOCLIMATE: An Appealing Snowball Earth That’s Still Hard to Swallow. Science. 287(5459), 1734–1736 (2000).

A journal article with 2 authors

Blake GA, Bergin EA. Planetary science: Prebiotic chemistry on the rocks. Nature. 520(7546), 161–162 (2015).

A journal article with 3 authors

Hibbins AP, Evans BR, Sambles JR. Experimental verification of designer surface plasmons. Science. 308(5722), 670–672 (2005).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fujita T, Asano Y, Ohtsuka J, et al. Identification of telomere-associated molecules by engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP). Sci. Rep. 3, 3171 (2013).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Barnes E. Atlas of Developmental Field Anomalies of the Human Skeleton. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Fitzgibbon A, Lazebnik S, Perona P, Sato Y, Schmid C, editors. Computer Vision – ECCV 2012: 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, Florence, Italy, October 7-13, 2012, Proceedings, Part VI. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Frischkorn C, Wolf M, Höfer U, et al. Ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced processes at surfaces and interfaces. In: Analysis and Control of Ultrafast Photoinduced Reactions. Kühn O, Wöste L (Eds.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 387–484 (2007).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Twilight Comet: Comet PanSTARRS [Internet]. IFLScience (2015). Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/twilight-comet-comet-panstarrs/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Support for Research and Education: Costs and Benefits. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hawkins SH. Lung CT Radiomics: An Overview of Using Images as Data. (2017).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Bond Between Generations, With Football On the Side. New York Times, SP1 (2010).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Bioprocessing
Abbreviation	Pharm. Bioprocess.
ISSN (print)	2048-9145
ISSN (online)	2048-9153
Scope	Biomedical Engineering Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology