How to format your references using the PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research (PHAGE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski D. Retracted paper rattles Korean science. Nature 2009;458(7238):561.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lutz W, Kc S. Global human capital: integrating education and population. Science 2011;333(6042):587–592.

A journal article with 3 authors

Depew MJ, Lufkin T, Rubenstein JLR. Specification of jaw subdivisions by Dlx genes. Science 2002;298(5592):381–385.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sibert J, Hampton J, Kleiber P, et al. Biomass, size, and trophic status of top predators in the Pacific Ocean. Science 2006;314(5806):1773–1776.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bill Huitt WM. Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ; 2016.

An edited book

Vassev E. Autonomy Requirements Engineering for Space Missions. (Hinchey M. ed). NASA Monographs in Systems and Software Engineering. Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Cordes C, Ackermann H, Rosenhahn B. A Low-Rank Constraint for Parallel Stereo Cameras. In: Pattern Recognition: 35th German Conference, GCPR 2013, Saarbrücken, Germany, September 3-6, 2013. Proceedings. (Weickert J, Hein M, Schiele B. eds). Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2013; pp. 31–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. The Enraging Reason That Your Dog Can Get Vaccinated Against Lyme Disease, But You Can’t. IFLScience; 2015. [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Aviation Administration: An Analysis of the Financial Viability of the Airport and Airway Trust Fund. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Collinsworth BM. Hospital to Housing: A Grant Proposal for Specialized Discharge Planning Services for People Who Are Homeless. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Haskell DG. Nature’s Case for Same-Sex Marriage. New York Times 2013;A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research
ISSN (print)	2641-6530
ISSN (online)	2641-6549
Scope