How to format your references using the Perspectives citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zapperi, S. (2010). Physics. Looking at how things slip. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6001), 184–185.

A journal article with 2 authors

Walsh, E. C., & Stainier, D. Y. (2001). UDP-glucose dehydrogenase required for cardiac valve formation in zebrafish. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5535), 1670–1673.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schuler, B., Lipman, E. A., & Eaton, W. A. (2002). Probing the free-energy surface for protein folding with single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Nature, 419(6908), 743–747.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Draper-Joyce, C. J., Khoshouei, M., Thal, D. M., Liang, Y.-L., Nguyen, A. T. N., Furness, S. G. B., Venugopal, H., Baltos, J.-A., Plitzko, J. M., Danev, R., Baumeister, W., May, L. T., Wootten, D., Sexton, P. M., Glukhova, A., & Christopoulos, A. (2018). Structure of the adenosine-bound human adenosine A1 receptor-Gi complex. Nature, 558(7711), 559–563.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hanzo, L., & Keller, T. (2006). OFDM and MC-CDMA. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Argenyi, Z. (2011). Cutaneous Neural Neoplasms: A Practical Guide (C. H. Jokinen, Ed.; 1st ed.). Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Williams, C. J. (2011). A Paleoecological Perspective on Wetland Restoration. In B. A. LePage (Ed.), Wetlands: Integrating Multidisciplinary Concepts (pp. 67–91). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, January 18). Global Sea Ice Is Now At The Lowest Extent It Has Ever Been. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/global-sea-ice-is-now-at-the-lowest-extent-it-has-ever-been/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1996). Los Angeles Red Line: Financing Decisions Could Affect This and Other Los Angeles County Rail Capital Projects (RCED-96-147). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liyakath, R. A. (2012). Reconfigurable Antenna and RF Circuits Using Multi-Layer Stretchable Conductors [Doctoral dissertation]. University of South Florida.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

C. J. CHIVERS; Sophia Kishkovsky contributed reporting from Moscow for this article. (2004, June 24). Local Rebels Said to Join in Chechen Group’s Raids Across Border. New York Times, A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zapperi, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Walsh & Stainier, 2001; Zapperi, 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Walsh & Stainier, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Draper-Joyce et al., 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives
ISSN (print)	0907-676X
ISSN (online)	1747-6623
Scope	Linguistics and Language