How to format your references using the Pediatric Urology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Urology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Murray NW. Astronomy. Evidence of things not seen. Science 2012;336(6085):1121–1122.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Beller S, Bender A. The limits of counting: numerical cognition between evolution and culture. Science 2008;319(5860):213–215.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Raxworthy CJ, Forstner MRJ, Nussbaum RA. Chameleon radiation by oceanic dispersal. Nature 2002;415(6873):784–787.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Shaw RJ, Lamia KA, Vasquez D, Koo S-H, Bardeesy N, Depinho RA, et al. The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. Science 2005;310(5754):1642–1646.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Lehman R, McMillan LG. Options for Volatile Markets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Whitacre DM, ed. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 199. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Proudfoot AEI, Power CA, Schwarz M, Wells TNC. Chemokines as drug targets. In: Neote K, Letts GL, Moser B, eds. Chemokine Biology — Basic Research and Clinical Application: Volume II: Pathophysiology of Chemokines. Progress in Inflammation Research. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2007:45–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Urology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

Carpineti A. Falcon 9 Rocket Breaks Apart During Touchdown. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/falcon-9-rocket-breaks-apart-during-touchdown/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. ADP Systems: Concerns About DOD’s Composite Health Care System Development Contracts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Spruill EL. A correlational analysis relating organizational climate to employee performance: A case study. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Saving Sturgeon, And Caviar. New York Times. January 5, 2002:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Urology Case Reports
ISSN (online)	2148-2969
Scope