How to format your references using the Pediatric Urology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Urology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Gilbert N. Local benefits: The seeds of an economy. Nature 2011;474(7352):S18-9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Roman J, Palumbi SR. Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic. Science 2003;301(5632):508–510.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Herbst J, Heyne K, Diller R. Femtosecond infrared spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin chromophore isomerization. Science 2002;297(5582):822–825.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Li S, Tian Y, Wu K, Ye Y, Yu J, Zhang J, et al. Modulating plant growth-metabolism coordination for sustainable agriculture. Nature 2018;560(7720):595–600.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Barnes P. The JCT 05 Standard Building Sub-Contract. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

[1]

Peinke J, Schaumann P, Barth S, eds. Wind Energy: Proceedings of the Euromech Colloquium. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Wasaki J, Maruyama H. Molecular Approaches to the Study of Biological Phosphorus Cycling. In: Bünemann E, Oberson A, Frossard E, eds. Phosphorus in Action: Biological Processes in Soil Phosphorus Cycling. Soil Biology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011:93–111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Urology Case Reports.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. These Skyscrapers Will Clean Pollution From The Surrounding Water And Air. IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/these-skyscrapers-will-clean-pollution-surrounding-water-and-air/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Rail Safety: Improved Human Capital Planning Could Address Emerging Safety Oversight Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Owsiak NK. Teacher quality accountability measures: Perceptions of degree and direction of influence on university -based teacher education programs. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. December 29, 2016:MM18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Urology Case Reports
ISSN (online)	2148-2969
Scope