How to format your references using the Pediatric Surgery International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Surgery International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vignieri S (2014) Vanishing fauna. Introduction. Science 345:392–395

A journal article with 2 authors

Korup O, Montgomery DR (2008) Tibetan plateau river incision inhibited by glacial stabilization of the Tsangpo gorge. Nature 455:786–789

A journal article with 3 authors

Czaplicka A, Holyst JA, Sloot PMA (2013) Noise enhances information transfer in hierarchical networks. Sci Rep 3:1223

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Damschen EI, Haddad NM, Orrock JL, et al (2006) Corridors increase plant species richness at large scales. Science 313:1284–1286

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

P. Wen E, Ellis R, S. Pujar N (2014) Vaccine Development and Manufacturing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kurokawa R (2015) Long Noncoding RNAs: Structures and Functions. Springer Japan, Tokyo

A chapter in an edited book

Cai S-G, Ouahsine A, Sergent P (2016) Modelling Wave Energy Conversion of a Semi-submerged Heaving Cylinder. In: Ibrahimbegovic A (ed) Computational Methods for Solids and Fluids: Multiscale Analysis, Probability Aspects and Model Reduction. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 67–79

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Surgery International.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2017) Astronomers Discover Incredibly Rare Double-Ringed Galaxy. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronomers-discover-incredibly-rare-doubleringed-galaxy/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1991) Reports and Testimony: August 1991. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Edwards DH (2017) Why Do They Get High?: An Examination of Social Bond Theory and Substance Use in College. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Qiu L (2017) Misleading Statements From President’s Cabinet. New York Times A13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Surgery International
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Surg. Int.
ISSN (print)	0179-0358
ISSN (online)	1437-9813
Scope	General Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery

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