How to format your references using the Pediatric Surgery International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Surgery International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Squires JE (2002) Artificial blood. Science 295:1002–1005

A journal article with 2 authors

Rappuoli R, Covacci A (2003) Reverse vaccinology and genomics. Science 302:602

A journal article with 3 authors

McMahon SM, Miller KH, Drake J (2001) Social science and ecology. Networking tips for social scientists and ecologists. Science 293:1604–1605

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Reusch TB, Häberli MA, Aeschlimann PB, Milinski M (2001) Female sticklebacks count alleles in a strategy of sexual selection explaining MHC polymorphism. Nature 414:300–302

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Juhnke GA, Granello DH, Granello PF (2010) Suicide, Self-Injury, and Violence in the Schools. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Nouri K (2012) Mohs Micrographic Surgery. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Iosifidis P, Wheeler M (2016) Western Media Policy Frameworks and Values. In: Wheeler M (ed) Public Spheres and Mediated Social Networks in the Western Context and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp 65–92

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Surgery International.

Blog post

Hale T (2016) Preschoolers Know If You Owe Them Something, According To Psychologists. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/preschoolers-know-if-you-owe-them-something-according-to-psychologists/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1983) Cost Comparison of House of Representatives Page System Versus Regular Messenger Employees. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wang S (2017) Experimental Investigations of the Critical Flowback Velocity for Various Types of Proppant in Hydraulic-Fracturing Fluids with Different Viscosities. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2007) The Tortured Voice of Russia’s Lost Generation. New York Times A4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Surgery International
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Surg. Int.
ISSN (print)	0179-0358
ISSN (online)	1437-9813
Scope	General Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery