How to format your references using the Pediatric Surgery International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Surgery International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bode M (2004) Physics. The environment matters--even on the atomic scale. Science 306:423–425

A journal article with 2 authors

Huang B-L, Mackem S (2014) Evolutionary developmental biology: Use it or lose it. Nature 511:34–35

A journal article with 3 authors

Xu X, Zhou Z, Wang X (2000) The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. Nature 408:705–708

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Mann NH, Cook A, Millard A, et al (2003) Marine ecosystems: bacterial photosynthesis genes in a virus. Nature 424:741

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eicker U (2005) Solar Technologies for Buildings. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Gravemeijer K (2016) Measurement and Geometry in Upper Primary School. SensePublishers, Rotterdam

A chapter in an edited book

Basaldella M, Saurin A, Terui K (2011) On the Meaning of Focalization. In: Lecomte A, Tronçon S (eds) Ludics, Dialogue and Interaction: PRELUDE Project - 2006-2009. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 78–87

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Surgery International.

Blog post

Fang J (2015) Coffee Before Bed Delays Our Internal Clock. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/coffee-bed-delays-our-internal-clock/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) FAA Staffing: FAA’s Definition of Its Controller Work Force Should Be Revised. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mauger GS (2008) Synoptic sensitivities of subtropical clouds: Separating aerosol effects from meteorology. Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J (2016) Once Ordered Removed, Statue Is Now Embraced by Church. New York Times A16

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Surgery International
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Surg. Int.
ISSN (print)	0179-0358
ISSN (online)	1437-9813
Scope	General Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery