How to format your references using the Pediatric Surgery International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Surgery International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Prusiner SB (2002) Historical essay. Discovering the cause of AIDS. Science 298:1726

A journal article with 2 authors

Ho C-H, Chen H-H (2014) Optically decomposed near-band-edge structure and excitonic transitions in Ga₂S₃. Sci Rep 4:6143

A journal article with 3 authors

Bass AH, Gilland EH, Baker R (2008) Evolutionary origins for social vocalization in a vertebrate hindbrain-spinal compartment. Science 321:417–421

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Levinson RT, Olatoye OO, Randles EG, et al (2013) Role of mutations in the cellular internalization of amyloidogenic light chains into cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 3:1278

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mittleman AL (2011) A Short History of Jewish Ethics. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Cheyne C, Worrall J (2006) Rationality and Reality: Conversations with Alan Musgrave. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Hallinger P, Bridges EM (2007) IMPLEMENTING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM. In: Bridges EM (ed) A Problem-based Approach for Management Education: Preparing Managers for Action. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 69–90

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Surgery International.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) How Risky Are The World Economic Forum’s Top 10 Emerging Technologies For 2016? In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Transportation Infrastructure: FHWA Should Assess and Compare the Benefits of Projects When Awarding Discretionary Grants. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jenrich MA (2017) “To treat her as a woman”: African American women and respectability in New York, 1860-1890. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dinardo K (2014) David Furnish Pours Champagne for Las Vegas. New York Times TR3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Surgery International
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Surg. Int.
ISSN (print)	0179-0358
ISSN (online)	1437-9813
Scope	General Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery