How to format your references using the Pediatric Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tesche C. QUANTUM MECHANICS: Enhanced: Schrodinger’s Cat Is Out of the Hat. Science 2000;290:720–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Anderson DL, King SD. Geology. Driving the Earth machine? Science 2014;346:1184–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Che H, Drake JF, Swisdak M. A current filamentation mechanism for breaking magnetic field lines during reconnection. Nature 2011;474:184–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang Y, Zhang D, Renner SS, Chen Z. Botany: a new self-pollination mechanism. Nature 2004;431:39–40.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gerardi MH. Settleability Problems and Loss of Solids in the Activated Sludge Process. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.

An edited book

Dix J, Witteveen C, editors. Multiagent System Technologies: 8th German Conference, MATES 2010, Leipzig, Germany, September 27-29, 2010. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Mohrehkesh S, Fathy M, Yousefi S. Prediction Based QoS Routing in MANETs. In: Chaudhuri S, Das SR, Paul HS, Tirthapura S, editors. Distributed Computing and Networking: 8th International Conference, ICDCN 2006, Guwahati, India, December 27-30, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006. p. 46–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Unravel Mechanism Behind Firefly Flashing [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-unravel-mechanism-behind-firefly-flashing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Safety Effects of Less Prescriptive Requirements for Low-Stress Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines Are Uncertain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cole KW. Principal investigator and department administrator perceptions of services provided by Offices of Research Administration at research universities. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowen T. Open Markets, but Maybe Not Open Minds. New York Times. 2015;BU6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Research
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Res.
ISSN (print)	0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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