How to format your references using the Pediatric Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

de Waal FBM. A century of getting to know the chimpanzee. Nature. 2005 Sep;437(7055):56–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Su C-Y, Carlson JR. Neuroscience. Circuit logic of avoidance and attraction. Science. 2013 Jun;340(6138):1295–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Standen EM, Du TY, Larsson HCE. Developmental plasticity and the origin of tetrapods. Nature. 2014 Sep;513(7516):54–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Seisenberger G, Ried MU, Endress T, Büning H, Hallek M, Bräuchle C. Real-time single-molecule imaging of the infection pathway of an adeno-associated virus. Science. 2001 Nov;294(5548):1929–32.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Tardu S. Transport and Coherent Structures in Wall Turbulence. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Groth P, Simperl E, Gray A, Sabou M, Krötzsch M, Lecue F, et al., editors. The Semantic Web – ISWC 2016: 15th International Semantic Web Conference, Kobe, Japan, October 17–21, 2016, Proceedings, Part I. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Adams AE, Pegg JM, Bottoms SI, Smith Risser H, Wu K, Kern AL. Storying Our Academic Career Transitions within a Peer-mentoring Community. In: Johannessen BGG, editor. Global Co-Mentoring Networks in Higher Education: Politics, Policies, and Practices. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 73–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Genetic analysis reveals blue eyes evolved before light skin [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Jan [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/genetic-analysis-reveals-blue-eyes-evolved-light-skin/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Staffing: Recruitment, Hiring, and Initial Training of Safety-Related Personnel. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lake AD. Hepatic stress response mechanisms in progressive human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 2013

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Policyholders in Limbo After Rare Failure of Insurer. New York Times. 2017 Apr;BU5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1016-2291
ISSN (online)	1423-0305
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery

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