How to format your references using the Pediatric Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kinder DR. Politics and the life cycle. Science. 2006 Jun;312(5782):1905–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yosef I, Qimron U. Microbiology: How bacteria get spacers from invaders. Nature. 2015 Mar;519(7542):166–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Broza YY, Zuri L, Haick H. Combined volatolomics for monitoring of human body chemistry. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr;4:4611.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Salzmann CG, Radaelli PG, Hallbrucker A, Mayer E, Finney JL. The preparation and structures of hydrogen ordered phases of ice. Science. 2006 Mar;311(5768):1758–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Pinoli J-C. Mathematical Foundations of Image Processing and Analysis 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Svennerberg G. Beginning Google Maps API 3. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Kehrl JH, Hwang I-Y, Park C. Chemoattract Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Lymphocyte Motility and Trafficking. In: Dustin M, McGavern D, editors. Visualizing Immunity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009; pp 107–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Davis J. Scientist Grow Kidneys In A Laboratory That Function When Transplanted Into An Animal [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Sep [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/lab-grown-kidneys-shown-work-animal-models/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Forecasting: FAA Should Implement Additional Risk-Management Practices in Forecasting Aviation Activity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Joshi T. Understanding gold nanoisland formation using transport measurement. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Trump’s Name Looms in Mind and Speeches. New York Times. 2017 Feb;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1016-2291
ISSN (online)	1423-0305
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery