How to format your references using the Pediatric Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Abraham S. Climate. The Bush administration’s approach to climate change. Science. 2004 Jul;305(5684):616–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roediger HL 3rd, McDermott KB. Neuroscience. Remember when? Science. 2011 Jul;333(6038):47–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gu L, Koymen AR, Mohanty SK. Crystalline magnetic carbon nanoparticle assisted photothermal delivery into cells using CW near-infrared laser beam. Sci Rep. 2014 May;4:5106.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Hwang UW, Friedrich M, Tautz D, Park CJ, Kim W. Mitochondrial protein phylogeny joins myriapods with chelicerates. Nature. 2001 Sep;413(6852):154–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chapman RJ. Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

Fred A, Dietz JLG, Liu K, Filipe J, editors. Knowledge Discovery, Knowlege Engineering and Knowledge Management: First International Joint Conference, IC3K 2009, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, October 6-8, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Bruget K, Clement B, Reynet O, Weber B. An Arduino Compatible CAN Bus Architecture for Sailing Applications. In: Bars FL, Jaulin L, editors. Robotic Sailing 2013: Proceedings of the 6th International Robotic Sailing Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014; pp 37–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Rosetta Gets Great View Of The “Dark Side” Of Comet 67P [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-gets-best-view-yet-of-comet-67p-dark-side/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Copyright Office Needs To Develop Plans that Address Technical and Organizational Challenges. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yuan J. Two Essays on Asset Pricing. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cowley S. New York Attorney General Opens Inquiry on Student Debt. New York Times. 2017 Jul;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1016-2291
ISSN (online)	1423-0305
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery