How to format your references using the Pediatric Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donnelly P. Genome-sequencing anniversary. Making sense of the data. Science. 2011 Feb;331(6020):1024–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Petro JB, Relman DA. Public health. Understanding threats to scientific openness. Science. 2003 Dec;302(5652):1898.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cheung VG, Sherman SL, Feingold E. Genetics. Genetic control of hotspots. Science. 2010 Feb;327(5967):791–2.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Li H, Wang J, Mor G, Sklar J. A neoplastic gene fusion mimics trans-splicing of RNAs in normal human cells. Science. 2008 Sep;321(5894):1357–61.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Carter M, Bentley SP. Soil Properties and their Correlations. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Faa G, Fanos V, editors. Kidney Development in Renal Pathology. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Shah PP. Agency as Negotiation: Social Norms, Girls’ Schooling and Marriage in Gujarat, India. In: DeJaeghere JG, Josić J, McCleary KS, editors. Education and Youth Agency: Qualitative Case Studies in Global Contexts. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 85–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Andrews R. Volcanic Eruptions Significantly Alter The Flow Of Rivers [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/volcanic-eruptions-significantly-alter-flow-rivers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Job Training Partnership Act: Actions Needed to Improve Participant Support Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Voma SK. Design of Power Management Circuit for Energy Harvesting Applications. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon M. I.O.C. Nominates American, Signaling A Thaw in Relations. New York Times. 2013 Jul;B12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1016-2291
ISSN (online)	1423-0305
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery