How to format your references using the Pediatric Neurosurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Neurosurgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dushoff J. Comment on “Metapopulation persistence with age-dependent disturbance or succession.” Science. 2004 Apr;304(5671):684; author reply 684.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sosnick TR, Hinshaw JR. Biochemistry. How proteins fold. Science. 2011 Oct;334(6055):464–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Beerling DJ, Osborne CP, Chaloner WG. Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era. Nature. 2001 Mar;410(6826):352–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kawakatsu H, Kumar P, Takei Y, Shinohara M, Kanazawa T, Araki E, et al. Seismic evidence for sharp lithosphere-asthenosphere boundaries of oceanic plates. Science. 2009 Apr;324(5926):499–502.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chowdhury S. Optimization and Business Improvement Studies in Upstream Oil and Gas Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &;#38; Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Israel G. The World as a Mathematical Game: John von Neumann and Twentieth Century Science. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Schoon S. Three Olds: Experimental Urban Restructuring with Chinese Characteristics, Guangzhou and Shenzhen in Comparison. In: Altrock U, Schoon S, editors. Maturing Megacities: The Pearl River Delta in Progressive Transformation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014; pp 105–21.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Neurosurgery.

Blog post

Luntz S. Egyptian Bats’ Calls Reveal Who They Are Talking To [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 Dec [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/egyptian-bats-calls-reveal-who-they-are-talking-to/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Status of Air Service to Small Communities and the Federal Programs Involved. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wall JD. The Effects of Acute L-Dopa on Brux-like and Masticatory Motor Patterns: EMG Phase Analysis in Rats. 2017

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Far From Perfection, but Closer to Vindication. New York Times. 2011 May;SP3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Neurosurgery
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Neurosurg.
ISSN (print)	1016-2291
ISSN (online)	1423-0305
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery