How to format your references using the Pathology - Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology - Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

C. Smith, Getting up speed, Nature. 428 (2004) 229.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.E. Grumbine, J. Xu, Environment and development. Mekong hydropower development, Science. 332 (2011) 178–179.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S. Alben, M. Shelley, J. Zhang, Drag reduction through self-similar bending of a flexible body, Nature. 420 (2002) 479–481.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J. Baugh, A. Kleinhammes, D. Han, Q. Wang, Y. Wu, Confinement effect on dipole-dipole interactions in nanofluids, Science. 294 (2001) 1505–1507.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

T. Alrifai, Islamic Finance and the New Financial System, John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

L.E. van Zyl, M.W. Stander, A. Odendaal, eds., Coaching Psychology: Meta-theoretical perspectives and applications in multicultural contexts, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

R. Benedetti, F. Piersimoni, P. Postiglione, Advanced Methods to Design Samples for Land Use/Land Cover Surveys, in: T. Di Battista, E. Moreno, W. Racugno (Eds.), Topics on Methodological and Applied Statistical Inference, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 31–42.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology - Research and Practice.

Blog post

[1]

T. Hale, Bald Eagles Caught Eating A Cat In Their Nest On Live Webcam, IFLScience. (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Goals 2000: Flexible Funding Supports State and Local Education Reform, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.P. Deolikar, Lecture Video Search Engine Using Hadoop MapReduce, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Hubbard, Iran and Saudis Trade Barbs With Pilgrimage Set to Start, New York Times. (2016) A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology - Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Pathol. Res. Pract.
ISSN (print)	0344-0338
Scope	Cell Biology Pathology and Forensic Medicine

Research and Writing Guides