How to format your references using the Pathology - Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology - Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

I. Dance, A molecular pathway for the egress of ammonia produced by nitrogenase, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3237.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P.M. O’Connor, L.P.A.M. Claessens, Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs, Nature 436 (2005) 253–256.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

O.D. Lavrentovich, I. Lazo, O.P. Pishnyak, Nonlinear electrophoresis of dielectric and metal spheres in a nematic liquid crystal, Nature 467 (2010) 947–950.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D. Collin, F. Ritort, C. Jarzynski, S.B. Smith, I. Tinoco Jr, C. Bustamante, Verification of the Crooks fluctuation theorem and recovery of RNA folding free energies, Nature 437 (2005) 231–234.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Allerton, Principles of Flight Simulation, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009.

An edited book

[1]

I. Pandolfo, Orthopantomography, Springer, Milano, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Yajima, T. Imamura, N. Izutsu, T. Abe, The Future of Scientific Ballooning, in: T. Imamura, N. Izutsu, N. Yajima (Eds.), Scientific Ballooning: Technology and Applications of Exploration Balloons Floating in the Stratosphere and the Atmospheres of Other Planets, Springer, New York, NY, 2009: pp. 195–203.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology - Research and Practice.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Scientists Claim To Have Reversed Menopause, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Federal Research: Evaluation of Small Business Innovation Research Can Be Strengthened, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

R.W. Wylie, Response to Intervention: A Study of Intervention Programs in Rural Secondary Schools, Doctoral dissertation, Lindenwood University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Sisario, Johnny Cash Has Now Become the Poet in Black, New York Times (2016) C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology - Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Pathol. Res. Pract.
ISSN (print)	0344-0338
Scope	Cell Biology Pathology and Forensic Medicine