How to format your references using the Pathology - Research and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology - Research and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D.J. Emlen, Costs and the diversification of exaggerated animal structures, Science 291 (2001) 1534–1536.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.S. Reader, G.F. Joyce, A ribozyme composed of only two different nucleotides, Nature 420 (2002) 841–844.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Lappala, A. Zaccone, E.M. Terentjev, Ratcheted diffusion transport through crowded nanochannels, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3103.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

V. Ramanathan, P.J. Crutzen, J.T. Kiehl, D. Rosenfeld, Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science 294 (2001) 2119–2124.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

B.R. Chapman, E.G. Bolen, Ecology of North America, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

P. Palese, ed., Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M. Kosec, B. Malič, A. Benčan, T. Rojac, KNN-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics, in: A. Safari, E.K. Akdoğan (Eds.), Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2008: pp. 81–102.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology - Research and Practice.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Origins Of Mysterious “Sprite” Lightning Discovered, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/environment/origins-mysterious-sprite-lightning-discovered/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Acquisition Has Increased Costs, Reduced Capabilities, and Delayed Schedules, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.E. Munn, Information Technology Certification Training Implementation: Exploratory Case Study of Air Force and Civilian Leaders Experiences, Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Kelly, THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Clinton Throws G.O.P. Slogan Back at President, New York Times (1992) 124.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology - Research and Practice
Abbreviation	Pathol. Res. Pract.
ISSN (print)	0344-0338
Scope	Cell Biology Pathology and Forensic Medicine