How to format your references using the Pathology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Daiger SP. Genetics. Was the Human Genome Project worth the effort? Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):362–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Spalding MD, Brown BE. Warm-water coral reefs and climate change. Science. 2015 Nov 13;350(6262):769–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gutiérrez NL, Hilborn R, Defeo O. Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries. Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):386–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Raffaele S, Farrer RA, Cano LM, Studholme DJ, MacLean D, Thines M, et al. Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage. Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1540–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Malpass DB. Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Barrett MS, Stauffer SL, editors. Narrative Soundings: An Anthology of Narrative Inquiry in Music Education. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012. XVI, 360 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Turnbull J, McCune J. Externalizing Puppet Configuration. In: McCune J, editor. Pro Puppet. Berkeley, CA: Apress; 2011. p. 119–31.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology International.

Blog post

Andrew E. Adorable Baby Pygmy Hippo Born At Melbourne Zoo. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Timely Completion of FAA’s Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System Software Is at Risk. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Jan. Report No.: AIMD-98-41R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Rosenfeld EG. The ascent of women to senior leadership positions in the financial services industry: A phenomenological study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Minneapolis, MN]: Capella University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. Mutiny in the Harbor: One Ship Too Many. New York Times. 2006 Jun 4;14CN6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology International
Abbreviation	Pathol. Int.
ISSN (print)	1320-5463
ISSN (online)	1440-1827
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine