How to format your references using the Pathology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barral Y. Cell biology. Septins at the nexus. Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1289–90.

A journal article with 2 authors

Abbott A, Cyranoski D. Biologists seek to head off future sources of infection. Nature. 2003 May 1;423(6935):3.

A journal article with 3 authors

London AJ, Parker LS, Aronson JD. Public health. DNA identification after conflict or disaster. Science. 2013 Sep 13;341(6151):1178–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kawata S, Sun HB, Tanaka T, Takada K. Finer features for functional microdevices. Nature. 2001 Aug 16;412(6848):697–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cayuela Valencia R. The Future of the Chemical Industry by 2050. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2013.

An edited book

Kendal SL. An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering. Creen M, editor. London: Springer; 2007. X, 290 p. 33 illus.

A chapter in an edited book

Wolf J, Vicente A, Gibbons P, Gardiner N, Tilbury J, Bugmann G, et al. BunnyBot: Humanoid Platform for Research and Teaching. In: Kim JH, Ge SS, Vadakkepat P, Jesse N, Al Manum A, Puthusserypady K S, et al., editors. Progress in Robotics: FIRA RoboWorld Congress 2009, Incheon, Korea, August 16-20, 2009 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 25–33. (Communications in Computer and Information Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology International.

Blog post

Andrew E. Rosetta Scientists Optimistic Philae Could Wake Up Early Next Year [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rosetta-scientists-optimistic-philae-could-wake-early-next-year/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Technology Transfer: DOE Has Fewer Partnerships, and They Rely More on Private Funding. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001 Jul. Report No.: GAO-01-568.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cuthbertson TH. The fool’s replies: Toward a poetics of folly in Shakespeare’s comedies [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Novick SM. Classy Comfort Food in Relaxed Settings. New York Times. 2014 Mar 16;LI11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology International
Abbreviation	Pathol. Int.
ISSN (print)	1320-5463
ISSN (online)	1440-1827
Scope	General Medicine Pathology and Forensic Medicine