How to format your references using the Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clement BM. Dependence of the duration of geomagnetic polarity reversals on site latitude. Nature. 2004 Apr 8;428(6983):637–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bongaarts J, Sinding S. Population policy in transition in the developing world. Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):574–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

de Jong PW, van Lenteren JC, Raak-van den Berg CL. Comment on “Invasive harlequin ladybird carries biological weapons against native competitors.” Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1342.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kerssemakers JWJ, Munteanu EL, Laan L, Noetzel TL, Janson ME, Dogterom M. Assembly dynamics of microtubules at molecular resolution. Nature. 2006 Aug 10;442(7103):709–12.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Quéguiner B. The Biogeochemical Cycle of Silicon in the Ocean. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Corsi C, Slapšak B, Vermeulen F, editors. Good Practice in Archaeological Diagnostics: Non-invasive Survey of Complex Archaeological Sites. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013. VI, 347 p. 132 illus., 95 illus. in color. (Natural Science in Archaeology).

A chapter in an edited book

MacIntosh GC. RNase T2 Family: Enzymatic Properties, Functional Diversity, and Evolution of Ancient Ribonucleases. In: Nicholson AW, editor. Ribonucleases. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 89–114. (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology.

Blog post

Taub B. Loved-Up Birds Sacrifice Food In Order To Be With Their Mate [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/love-birds-sacrifice-food-order-be-their-mate/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Mass Transit: Challenges in Evaluating, Overseeing, and Funding Major Transit Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000 Mar. Report No.: T-RCED-00-104.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thiss PJ. Effects of dedicated academic support services on the persistence rates of California Community College student-athletes [Doctoral dissertation]. [Scottsdale, AZ]: Northcentral University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Roz Chast Is New Yorkier Than You. New York Times. 2017 Oct 11;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology
Abbreviation	Pathology
ISSN (print)	0031-3025
ISSN (online)	1465-3931
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine