How to format your references using the Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bascompte J. Disentangling the web of life. Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):416–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

Karner DB, Muller RA. PALEOCLIMATE: A Causality Problem for Milankovitch. Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2143–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weaver BAA, Silk AD, Cleveland DW. Cell biology: nondisjunction, aneuploidy and tetraploidy. Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):E9-10; discussion E10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Middey S, Rivero P, Meyers D, Kareev M, Liu X, Cao Y, et al. Polarity compensation in ultra-thin films of complex oxides: the case of a perovskite nickelate. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct 29;4:6819.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Mitola J III. Software Radio Architecture. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2002.

An edited book

Stock C, Ellaway A, editors. Neighbourhood Structure and Health Promotion. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2013. VIII, 367 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Ballmer G. Pursued by Adrenalin, in Pursuit of Dopamine. In: Dyer LA, Forister ML, editors. The Lives of Lepidopterists. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 41–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Watch The European Space Agency Land A Spacecraft On A Comet. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: Voice Communications System Challenges Continue. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Aug. Report No.: IMTEC-91-49.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pan CM. Synthesis and Evaluation of Macrocycles as Potential Antitumor Agents [Doctoral dissertation]. [La Jolla, CA]: University of California San Diego; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Akbar K. Being in This World Makes Me Feel Like a Time Traveler. New York Times. 2017 Oct 20;MM22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pathology
Abbreviation	Pathology
ISSN (print)	0031-3025
ISSN (online)	1465-3931
Scope	Pathology and Forensic Medicine