How to format your references using the Pastoralism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pastoralism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Freeman, Katherine H. 2014. Earth science: controls on isotopic gradients in rain. Nature 516: 41–42.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kinchen, Jason M., and Kodi S. Ravichandran. 2010. Identification of two evolutionarily conserved genes regulating processing of engulfed apoptotic cells. Nature 464: 778–782.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alapan, Yunus, Jane A. Little, and Umut A. Gurkan. 2014. Heterogeneous red blood cell adhesion and deformability in sickle cell disease. Scientific reports 4: 7173.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Delattre, V., D. La Mendola, J. Meystre, H. Markram, and K. Markram. 2013. Nlgn4 knockout induces network hypo-excitability in juvenile mouse somatosensory cortex in vitro. Scientific reports 3: 2897.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Scharf, Toralf. 2006. Polarized Light in Liquid Crystals and Polymers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Zilberman, David, Joachim Otte, David Roland-Holst, and Dirk Pfeiffer, ed. 2012. Health and Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries. 1st ed. Vol. 36. Natural Resource Management and Policy. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Fan, Chenglin, Jun Luo, Wencheng Wang, and Binhai Zhu. 2012. Voronoi Diagram with Visual Restriction. In Frontiers in Algorithmics and Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: Joint International Conference, FAW-AAIM 2012, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2012. Proceedings, ed. Jack Snoeyink, Pinyan Lu, Kaile Su, and Lusheng Wang, 36–46. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pastoralism.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2015. The California Two-Spot Is The First Octopus To Have Its Genome Sequenced. IFLScience. IFLScience. August 12.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2012. IT Supply Chain: National Security-Related Agencies Need to Better Address Risks. GAO-12-361. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Norris, Eleanor Lou. 2008. A depth psychological view of the Christian myth: C. G. Jung, Elizabeth Boyden Howes, and the Guild for Psychological Studies. Doctoral dissertation, Carpinteria, CA: Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

(nyt), Sophia Kishkovsky. 2005. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Last Regional Governor’s Election. New York Times, January 25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Freeman 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Kinchen and Ravichandran 2010; Freeman 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kinchen and Ravichandran 2010)
Three or more authors: (Delattre et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pastoralism
Abbreviation	Pastoralism
ISSN (online)	2041-7136
Scope