How to format your references using the Pastoralism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pastoralism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ricci, Leonardo. 2005. History of science: Dante’s insight into galilean invariance. Nature 434: 717.

A journal article with 2 authors

Discher, Dennis E., and Adi Eisenberg. 2002. Polymer vesicles. Science (New York, N.Y.) 297: 967–973.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parker, Heidi G., Leonid Kruglyak, and Elaine A. Ostrander. 2006. Molecular genetics: DNA analysis of a putative dog clone. Nature 440: E1-2.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Niewoehner, Wesley A., Aaron Bergstrom, Derrick Eichele, Melissa Zuroff, and Jeffrey T. Clark. 2003. Digital analysis: Manual dexterity in Neanderthals. Nature 422: 395.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Curioso, Andrew, Ronald Bradford, and Patrick Galbraith. 2010. Expert PHP and MySQL®. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Balas, Valentina Emilia, János Fodor, and Annamária R. Várkonyi-Kóczy, ed. 2013. New Concepts and Applications in Soft Computing. Vol. 417. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ostafin, Brian D. 2015. Taming the Wild Elephant: Mindfulness and Its Role in Overcoming Automatic Mental Processes. In Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation, ed. Brian D. Ostafin, Michael D. Robinson, and Brian P. Meier, 47–63. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pastoralism.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2014. Genes Could Be Influencing Our Weight By Shaping Which Microbes Inhabit Our Gut. IFLScience. IFLScience. November 7.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1996. Intercollegiate Athletics: Status of Efforts to Promote Gender Equity. HEHS-97-10. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kong, Cindy. 2001. Formal Methods Applied to the Specification of an Active Network Node. Doctoral dissertation, Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

St. John Kelly, Erin. 1998. Keeping Outsiders Outside. New York Times, June 28.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ricci 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Discher and Eisenberg 2002; Ricci 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Discher and Eisenberg 2002)
Three or more authors: (Niewoehner et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pastoralism
Abbreviation	Pastoralism
ISSN (online)	2041-7136
Scope