How to format your references using the Parkinsonism and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J.H. Reif, Biochemistry. Scaling up DNA computation, Science 332 (2011) 1156–1157.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

D. Mumford, J. Tate, Alexander Grothendieck (1928-2014), Nature 517 (2015) 272.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K. Wang, R.E. Dickinson, S. Liang, Clear sky visibility has decreased over land globally from 1973 to 2007, Science 323 (2009) 1468–1470.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

S.B. Singh, A.S. Davis, G.A. Taylor, V. Deretic, Human IRGM induces autophagy to eliminate intracellular mycobacteria, Science 313 (2006) 1438–1441.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

I.W. Donald, Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2010.

An edited book

[1]

A. Pulos, S.A. Lee, eds., Transnational Contexts of Culture, Gender, Class, and Colonialism in Play: Video Games in East Asia, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

T. Burney, P. Lock, Measuring Game-Play Performance and Perceived Immersion in a Domed Planetarium Projection Environment, in: L. Ma, M. Rauterberg, R. Nakatsu (Eds.), Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2007: 6th International Conference, Shanghai, China, September 15-17, 2007. Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007: pp. 22–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, New footage shows unique perspective of Felix Baumgartner’s historic jump, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, College Debit Cards: Actions Needed to Address ATM Access, Student Choice, and Transparency, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.A. Lingley-Papadopoulos, Image analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography images of the urinary bladder for the recognition of bladder cancer, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G.G. Gustines, Robert Kirkman Plans New Comic Book Series, New York Times (2017) C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Parkinsonism and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Parkinsonism Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	1353-8020
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Clinical Neurology Neurology