How to format your references using the Parkinsonism and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

O. Edenhofer, ENERGY. King Coal and the queen of subsidies, Science 349 (2015) 1286–1287.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A. Chen, R. Sooryakumar, Patterned time-orbiting potentials for the confinement and assembly of magnetic dipoles, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 3124.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

M.A. Nowak, N.L. Komarova, P. Niyogi, Computational and evolutionary aspects of language, Nature 417 (2002) 611–617.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

M.K. Vartiainen, S. Guettler, B. Larijani, R. Treisman, Nuclear actin regulates dynamic subcellular localization and activity of the SRF cofactor MAL, Science 316 (2007) 1749–1752.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

D. Casper, Hollywood Film 1963-1976, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011.

An edited book

[1]

V. Beckmann, M. Padmanabhan, eds., Institutions and Sustainability: Political Economy of Agriculture and the Environment - Essays in Honour of Konrad Hagedorn, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

S. Gupta, M.L. Garg, Diversity Maintenance Perspective: An Analysis of Exploratory Power and Function Optimization in the Context of Adaptive Genetic Algorithms, in: B.V. Babu, A. Nagar, K. Deep, M. Pant, J.C. Bansal, K. Ray, U. Gupta (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving (SocProS 2012), December 28-30, 2012, Springer India, New Delhi, 2014: pp. 31–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Some Good News About Hiring Women In STEM Doesn’t Erase Sex Bias Issue, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Head Start Program, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

N. Seip, A one day training on the human papillomavirus for foster youth receiving independent living services: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S. Chira, Is This How a Woman Could Win?, New York Times (2017) SR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Parkinsonism and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Parkinsonism Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	1353-8020
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Clinical Neurology Neurology