How to format your references using the Parkinsonism and Related Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L. Kürti, Organic chemistry. Streamlining amine synthesis, Science 348 (2015) 863–864.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.M. Smith, Z. Johanson, Separate evolutionary origins of teeth from evidence in fossil jawed vertebrates, Science 299 (2003) 1235–1236.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H.M. Baulch, E.H. Stanley, E.S. Bernhardt, Can algal uptake stop NO3(-) pollution?, Nature 477 (2011) E3; discussion E3-4.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.-C. Valmalette, Z. Tan, H. Abe, S. Ohara, Raman scattering of linear chains of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles on SWCNTs, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5238.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

P. Paultre, Dynamics of Structures, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2013.

An edited book

[1]

N. García-Pedrajas, F. Herrera, C. Fyfe, J.M. Benítez, M. Ali, eds., Trends in Applied Intelligent Systems: 23rd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2010, Cordoba, Spain, June 1-4, 2010, Proceedings, Part II, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

N. Matsumoto, Gene Analysis of Marfan Syndrome, in: T. Kazui, S. Takamoto (Eds.), Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases, Springer Japan, Tokyo, 2009: pp. 23–27.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Parkinsonism and Related Disorders.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, Concrete Jungle: Cities Adapt to Growing Ranks of Coyotes, Cougars and Other Urban Wildlife, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, DOD Business Transformation: Air Force’s Current Approach Increases Risk That Asset Visibility Goals and Transformation Priorities Will Not Be Achieved, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

S.J. Washburn, The Epiphytic Macrolichens of the Greater Cincinnati, Ohio, Metropolitan Area, Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Poniewozik, Harshing the Mellow of Angsty Hipsters, New York Times (2016) C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Parkinsonism and Related Disorders
Abbreviation	Parkinsonism Relat. Disord.
ISSN (print)	1353-8020
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology Clinical Neurology Neurology