How to format your references using the Palliative Medicine Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palliative Medicine Reports (PMR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Johnston LA. Competitive interactions between cells: death, growth, and geography. Science 2009;324(5935):1679–1682.

A journal article with 2 authors

Platt ML, Adams GK. Psychology. Monkey see, monkey read. Science 2012;336(6078):168–169.

A journal article with 3 authors

Perrachione TK, Del Tufo SN, Gabrieli JDE. Human voice recognition depends on language ability. Science 2011;333(6042):595.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schmidt S, Nielsen SF, Gundlach C, et al. Watching the growth of bulk grains during recrystallization of deformed metals. Science 2004;305(5681):229–232.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bisen PS, Raghuvanshi R. Emerging Epidemics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc: Hoboken, NJ; 2013.

An edited book

Bhushan B, Fuchs H, Tomitori M, (eds). Applied Scanning Probe Methods VIII: Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques. Nano Science and Technolgy. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Albano A. Upper Bound for the Number of Concepts of Contranominal-Scale Free Contexts. In: Formal Concept Analysis: 12th International Conference, ICFCA 2014, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, June 10-13, 2014. Proceedings. (Glodeanu CV, Kaytoue M, Sacarea C. eds). Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2014; pp. 44–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palliative Medicine Reports.

Blog post

Andrew E. Should We Just Let Pandas Die Out? IFLScience; 2015. [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Research: Aging Federal Laboratories Need Repairs and Upgrades. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huff HK. Thumb Twiddle Glossolalia: The Soumage. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Supreme Court Allows Disabled Georgia Inmate to Proceed With Suit Against State. New York Times 2006;A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Palliative Medicine Reports
ISSN (online)	2689-2820
Scope