How to format your references using the Journal of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Madden JD. Materials science. Artificial muscle begins to breathe. Science 2006; 311: 1559–60.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Mechoulam R, Lichtman AH. Neuroscience. Stout guards of the central nervous system. Science 2003; 302: 65–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Cai L, Dalal CK, Elowitz MB. Frequency-modulated nuclear localization bursts coordinate gene regulation. Nature 2008; 455: 485–90.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Milner-Gulland EJ, Bukreeva OM, Coulson T, et al. Conservation: Reproductive collapse in saiga antelope harems. Nature 2003; 422: 135.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Siebert G, Maniatis I. Tragende Bauteile aus Glas. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012.

An edited book

1. Shao J. Optimization of Integrated Supply Chain Planning under Multiple Uncertainty. (Sun Y, Noche B, eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Dea C, Heckler M, Grunwald G, Pereda J, Phillips SM. Graphics with JavaFX. In: Heckler M, Grunwald G, Pereda J, Phillips SM, eds. JavaFX 8: Introduction by Example. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014, 123–50.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Amateur Discovers Record Breaking Dinosaur Bone. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Freight Railroads: Updated Information on Rates and Competition Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Sarantopoulos ND. The relationship between values and leadership styles of nonprofit leaders. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Feeney K. For Those Without Key Cards, Too. New York Times. February 26, 2012:NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	J. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0954-6820
ISSN (online)	1365-2796
Scope	Internal Medicine

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