How to format your references using the Paleobiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Paleobiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wolthers, M. 2015: MINERAL CHEMISTRY. How minerals dissolve. Science (New York, N.Y.) 349:1288.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rosenthal, Y., and A. J. Broccoli. 2004: Atmospheric science. In search of paleo-ENSO. Science (New York, N.Y.) 304:219–221.

A journal article with 3 authors

Obata, Y., T. Kono, and I. Hatada. 2002: Gene silencing: maturation of mouse fetal germ cells in vitro. Nature 418:497.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Arslan, I., T. J. V. Yates, N. D. Browning, and P. A. Midgley. 2005: Embedded nanostructures revealed in three dimensions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 309:2195–2198.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

James, L. 2014: Sustainability Footprints in SMEs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, p.

An edited book

2007: Relaxin and Related Peptides. in A. I. Agoulnik, ed. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 612. Springer, New York, NY, p.

A chapter in an edited book

Colli Franzone, P. 2013: Inverse Problems in Electrocardiology. Pp.19–36 in F. Brezzi, P. Colli Franzone, U. Gianazza, and G. Gilardi, eds. Analysis and Numerics of Partial Differential Equations. Springer, Milano.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Paleobiology.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2016: A Scientist Explains Why Your Cat Is So Weird. IFLScience. Downloaded from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-are-cats-so-completely-and-utterly-weird/ on 30 October 2018. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2003: Public Schools: Comparison of Achievement Results for Students Attending Privately Managed and Traditional Schools in Six Cities. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, p.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brown, M. H. 2014: An Examination of Executive Function, Stress, and Adolescent Attachment to Caregivers in a Social Neuroscience Model Using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD).Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DCpp.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. 1993: Clinton, Off and Running, Sees the Sun Rise on ’93. New York Times:18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wolthers 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Rosenthal and Broccoli 2004; Wolthers 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rosenthal and Broccoli 2004)
Three or more authors: (Arslan et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Paleobiology
Abbreviation	Paleobiology
ISSN (print)	0094-8373
ISSN (online)	1938-5331
Scope	General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Palaeontology Ecology