How to format your references using the Clinical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Kargel JS. Planetary science. Proof for water, hints of life? Science 2004;306:1689–91.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Martin SG, St Johnston D. A role for Drosophila LKB1 in anterior-posterior axis formation and epithelial polarity. Nature 2003;421:379–84.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Long JA, Trinajstic K, Johanson Z. Devonian arthrodire embryos and the origin of internal fertilization in vertebrates. Nature 2009;457:1124–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Chibotaru LF, Ceulemans A, Bruyndoncx V, Moshchalkov VV. Symmetry-induced formation of antivortices in mesoscopic superconductors. Nature 2000;408:833–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Reeve WD. DC Power System Design for Telecommunications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Munné A, Ginebreda A, Prat N, editors. Experiences from Surface Water Quality Monitoring: The EU Water Framework Directive Implementation in the Catalan River Basin District (Part I). vol. 42. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Taylor SA, Halligan S. Evacuation Proctography and Dynamic Cystoproctography. In: Taylor SA, DeLancey JOL, editors. Imaging Pelvic Floor Disorders, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 61–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Davis J. Tiny Teeth In Corkscrew Poop Show Ancient Sharks Were Cannibalizing Their Young. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-teeth-in-corkscrew-poop-show-ancient-sharks-were-cannibalizing-their-young/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology Investment: A Governmentwide Overview. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Torres-Partida A. Bridging the gap between faith based leaders and mental health professionals. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Dorman JL. A Funky Place to Land in Hollywood. New York Times 2016:TR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Oncol. (R Coll. Radiol.)
ISSN (print)	0936-6555
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging