How to format your references using the Palaeontologia Electronica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeontologia Electronica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Walsh, C. 2001. June 14. correction: Enabling the chemistry of life. Nature 411:824.

A journal article with 2 authors

Voss, R. and Nelemans, G. 2008. February 14. Discovery of the progenitor of the type Ia supernova 2007on. Nature 451:802–804.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gorb, E.V., Purtov, J. and Gorb, S.N. 2014. June 3. Adhesion force measurements on the two wax layers of the waxy zone in Nepenthes alata pitchers. Scientific reports 4:5154.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Hoshino, K., Sugiyama, T., Matsumoto, M., Tanaka, T., Saito, M., Hemmi, H., Ohara, O., Akira, S. and Kaisho, T. 2006. April 13. IkappaB kinase-alpha is critical for interferon-alpha production induced by Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. Nature 440:949–953.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Derryberry, D.R. 2014. July 14. Basic Data Analysis for Time Series with R. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Landau, I.D. 2011. Adaptive Control: Algorithms, Analysis and Applications. (R. Lozano, M. M’Saad, and A. Karimi, Eds.)Communications and Control EngineeringSecond Edition. Springer, London.

A chapter in an edited book

Cazaux, B., Sacomoto, G. and Rivals, E. 2016. Superstring Graph: A New Approach for Genome Assembly, p. 39–52. In Dondi, R., Fertin, G., and Mauri, G. (eds.), Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: 11th International Conference, AAIM 2016, Bergamo, Italy, July 18-20, 2016, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeontologia Electronica.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2016. August 22. . IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/stricter-parents-turning-children-effective-liars/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. March 15. Voluntary Consensus Standards: Agencies’ Compliance With the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Romano, T.A. 2014. . Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. 1992. August 8. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Reporter’s Notebook; Fearing Fickleness, Clinton Says, “Stick With Us.” New York Times 18.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Walsh 2001 June 14. ).
This sentence cites two references (Walsh 2001 June 14. ; Voss and Nelemans 2008 February 14. ).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Voss and Nelemans 2008 February 14. )
Three or more authors: (Hoshino et al. 2006 April 13. )

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeontologia Electronica
Abbreviation	Palaeontol. Electronica
ISSN (print)	1094-8074
ISSN (online)	1935-3952
Scope	Oceanography