How to format your references using the Palaeontologia Electronica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeontologia Electronica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fessenden, M. 2015. September 17. The cell menagerie: human immune profiling. Nature 525:409–411.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bergman, R. and Swenson, J. 2000. January 20. Dynamics of supercooled water in confined geometry. Nature 403:283–286.

A journal article with 3 authors

Samokhvalov, A.V., Shekhter, R.I. and Buzdin, A.I. 2014. July 11. Stimulation of a singlet superconductivity in SFS weak links by spin-exchange scattering of cooper pairs. Scientific reports 4:5671.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Sen, D., Balakrishnan, B., Gabriel, N., Agrawal, P., Roshini, V., Samuel, R., Srivastava, A. and Jayandharan, G.R. 2013. Improved adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 and 5 vectors for gene therapy. Scientific reports 3:1832.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gostick, A. and Elton, C. 2006. October 5. Führen mit Möhren. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG.

An edited book

Bosch, J. (Ed.). 2014. Continuous Software Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Peskun, C. and Whelan, D.B. 2013. Initial Assessment in the Acute and Chronic Multiple-Ligament-Injured Knee, p. 51–62. In Fanelli, G.C. (ed.), The Multiple Ligament Injured Knee: A Practical Guide to Management. Springer, New York, NY.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeontologia Electronica.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2015. May 4. . IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018, from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/plague-outbreak-points-diagnosis-difficulties/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2000. July 17. Commercial Motor Vehicles: Effectiveness of Actions Being Taken to Improve Motor Carrier Safety Is Unknown. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ports, M.O. 2009. . Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M. 2010. May 20. Solving a Dress-Design Sudoku. New York Times E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Fessenden 2015 September 17. ).
This sentence cites two references (Bergman and Swenson 2000 January 20. ; Fessenden 2015 September 17. ).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bergman and Swenson 2000 January 20. )
Three or more authors: (Sen et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeontologia Electronica
Abbreviation	Palaeontol. Electronica
ISSN (print)	1094-8074
ISSN (online)	1935-3952
Scope	Oceanography