How to format your references using the Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hoagland, M. (2004). Enter transfer RNA. Nature, 431(7006), 249.

A journal article with 2 authors

Traverso, G., & Langer, R. (2015). Perspective: Special delivery for the gut. Nature, 519(7544), S19.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kah, L. C., Lyons, T. W., & Frank, T. D. (2004). Low marine sulphate and protracted oxygenation of the Proterozoic biosphere. Nature, 431(7010), 834–838.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Nielsen, S. G., Rehkämper, M., Norman, M. D., Halliday, A. N., & Harrison, D. (2006). Thallium isotopic evidence for ferromanganese sediments in the mantle source of Hawaiian basalts. Nature, 439(7074), 314–317.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Nagashima, Y. (2013). Elementary Particle Physics. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Wieseman, K. C., & Weinburgh, M. H. (Eds.). (2009). Women’s Experiences in Leadership in K-16 Science Education Communities: Becoming and Being. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Wan, X., & Liu, G. (2008). Automatic Navigation System with Multiple Sensors. In D. Li (Ed.), Computer And Computing Technologies In Agriculture, Volume II: First IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture (CCTA 2007), Wuyishan, China, August 18-20, 2007 (pp. 769–776). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 5). Engineers Shutdown Sexist STEM Stereotypes Using #ILookLikeAnEngineer. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2002). NASA Management Challenges: Human Capital and Other Critical Areas Need to be Addressed (No. GAO-02-945T). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nichols, J. (2012). Genetic and genomic mechanisms of neonatal hyperoxic lung injury in the inbred mouse (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky, S. (2008, September 6). Conflict Tests Ties Between the Georgian and Russian Orthodox Churches. New York Times, p. A5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hoagland 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Hoagland 2004; Traverso and Langer 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Traverso and Langer 2015)
Three or more authors: (Nielsen et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
Abbreviation	Paleobiodivers. Paleoenviron.
ISSN (print)	1867-1594
ISSN (online)	1867-1608
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Geology Palaeontology Ecology Global and Planetary Change