How to format your references using the Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Roy, K. (2008). Evolution. Dynamics of body size evolution. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5895), 1451–1452.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trautmann, A., & Vivier, E. (2001). Immunology. Agrin--a bridge between the nervous and immune systems. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5522), 1667–1668.

A journal article with 3 authors

Neal, C. R., Haggerty, S. E., & Sautter, V. (2001). “Majorite” and “silicate perovskite” mineral compositions in xenoliths from Malaita. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5519), 1015.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Kiers, E. T., Rousseau, R. A., West, S. A., & Denison, R. F. (2003). Host sanctions and the legume-rhizobium mutualism. Nature, 425(6953), 78–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Narayanasamy, P. (2005). Postharvest Pathogens and Disease Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Canelas, A. M. L. (2013). Investment Strategies Optimization based on a SAX-GA Methodology. (R. F. M. F. Neves & N. C. G. Horta, Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Osakada, F., & Takahashi, M. (2013). Stem Cells in the Developing and Adult Nervous System. In G. Steinhoff (Ed.), Regenerative Medicine: From Protocol to Patient (pp. 129–152). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, May 30). Amber Reveals Lyme Disease Is Older Than Humanity. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/amber-reveals-lyme-disease-older-humanity/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2012). Batteries and Energy Storage: Federal Initiatives Supported Similar Technologies and Goals but Had Key Differences (No. GAO-12-842). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mowery, K. (2015). Beneath the Attack Surface (Doctoral dissertation). University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Shpigel, B. (2017, August 17). Tampa Teams Fund Removal of Monument. New York Times, p. B10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Roy 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Roy 2008; Trautmann and Vivier 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Trautmann and Vivier 2001)
Three or more authors: (Kiers et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
Abbreviation	Paleobiodivers. Paleoenviron.
ISSN (print)	1867-1594
ISSN (online)	1867-1608
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Geology Palaeontology Ecology Global and Planetary Change