How to format your references using the Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heavens, N. G. (2011). Planetary science. Sunshine on a cloudy forecast. Science (New York, N.Y.), 333(6051), 1832–1833.

A journal article with 2 authors

Graf, T., & Enver, T. (2009). Forcing cells to change lineages. Nature, 462(7273), 587–594.

A journal article with 3 authors

Spandler, C., O’Neill, H. S. C., & Kamenetsky, V. S. (2007). Survival times of anomalous melt inclusions from element diffusion in olivine and chromite. Nature, 447(7142), 303–306.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Zofall, M., Fischer, T., Zhang, K., Zhou, M., Cui, B., Veenstra, T. D., & Grewal, S. I. S. (2009). Histone H2A.Z cooperates with RNAi and heterochromatin factors to suppress antisense RNAs. Nature, 461(7262), 419–422.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Möller, G. (2013). Geotechnik. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Leatham, K. R. (Ed.). (2013). Vital Directions for Mathematics Education Research. New York, NY: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

He, R., Hu, B., Yuan, X., & Wang, L. (2014). Correntropy and Linear Representation. In B. Hu, X. Yuan, & L. Wang (Eds.), Robust Recognition via Information Theoretic Learning (pp. 45–60). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, June 18). World’s Most Lifelike Bionic Hand Developed. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/worlds-most-lifelike-bionic-hand-developed/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2013). Spectrum Management: Federal Relocation Costs and Auction Revenues (No. GAO-13-472). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Horvath, C. P. (2012). Comparison of waste heat driven and electrically driven cooling systems for a high ambient temperature, off-grid application (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, M. J. (2017, July 20). Activist Fund Cashes Out Of Stake in Whole Foods. New York Times, p. B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heavens 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Graf and Enver 2009; Heavens 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Graf and Enver 2009)
Three or more authors: (Zofall et al. 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
Abbreviation	Paleobiodivers. Paleoenviron.
ISSN (print)	1867-1594
ISSN (online)	1867-1608
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Geology Palaeontology Ecology Global and Planetary Change