How to format your references using the Pain Management Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pain Management Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hanson, B. (2008). Mercury, up-close again. Introduction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5885), 58.

A journal article with 2 authors

Law, K. L., & Thompson, R. C. (2014). Oceans. Microplastics in the seas. Science (New York, N.Y.), 345(6193), 144–145.

A journal article with 3 authors

Takayanagi, M., Kurisaki, I., & Nagaoka, M. (2014). Non-site-specific allosteric effect of oxygen on human hemoglobin under high oxygen partial pressure. Scientific Reports, 4, 4601.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Chien, E. Y. T., Liu, W., Zhao, Q., Katritch, V., Han, G. W., Hanson, M. A., Shi, L., Newman, A. H., Javitch, J. A., Cherezov, V., & Stevens, R. C. (2010). Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with a D2/D3 selective antagonist. Science (New York, N.Y.), 330(6007), 1091–1095.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lado, E. P. (2016). The Common Fisheries Policy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Kim, H. K., Ao, S.-I., & Amouzegar, M. A. (Eds.). (2014). Transactions on Engineering Technologies: Special Issue of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2013. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Nouy, D. (2013). Unintended Consequences of Supervision. In A. J. Kellermann, J. de Haan, & F. de Vries (Eds.), Financial Supervision in the 21st Century (pp. 47–72). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pain Management Nursing.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, July 23). GM Mosquitoes Set To Be Released In Brazil To Combat Dengue. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2017). Technology Assessment: Internet of Things: Status and implications of an increasingly connected world (GAO-17-75). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee, S. B. (2009). Localizing the effects of link flooding attacks in the Internet [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stellin, S. (2013, August 27). They Owe You: Compensation for Your Troubles. New York Times, TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hanson, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Hanson, 2008; Law & Thompson, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Law & Thompson, 2014)
Three authors: (Takayanagi et al., 2014)
6 or more authors: (Chien et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pain Management Nursing
Abbreviation	Pain Manag. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1524-9042
Scope	Advanced and Specialised Nursing